<?php
$relPath='../pinc/';
include_once($relPath.'dpinit.php');
include_once($relPath.'faq.inc');
include_once($relPath.'pg.inc');
include_once($relPath.'theme.inc');
$no_stats=1;
$theme_args["css_data"] = "p.backtotop {text-align:right; font-size:75%;margin-right:-5%;}";

theme(_('Proofreading Guidelines'),'header',$theme_args);

$utf8_site=!strcasecmp($charset,"UTF-8");
?>

<!-- NOTE TO MAINTAINERS AND DEVELOPERS:

     There are now HTML comments interspersed in this document that are/will be
     used by a script that automagically slices out the Random Rule text for the
     database. It does this by copying:
       1) All text from one h_3 to the next h_3
        -OR-
       2) All text from h_3 to the END_RR comment line.

    This allows us to have "extra" information in the Guidelines, but leave it out
    in the Random Rule for purposes of clarity/brevity.

    If you are updating this document, the above should be kept in mind.
-->

<h1 align="center"><a name="top"><?php echo _("Proofreading Guidelines</a>"); ?></h1>

<h3 align="center">Version 2.0, revised June 7, 2009 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  <a href="dochist.php"><font size="-1">(Revision History)</font></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofreading Guidelines <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_francaises.php\">in French</a> /
      Directives de Relecture et Correction <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_francaises.php\">en fran&ccedil;ais</a><br>
    Proofreading Guidelines <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_portuguese.php\">in Portuguese</a> /
      Regras de Revis&atilde;o <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_portuguese.php\">em Portugu&ecirc;s</a><br>
    Proofreading Guidelines <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_spanish.php\">in Spanish</a> /
      Reglas de Revisi&oacute;n <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_spanish.php\">en espa&ntilde;ol</a><br>
    Proofreading Guidelines <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_dutch.php\">in Dutch</a> /
      Proeflees-Richtlijnen <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_dutch.php\">in het Nederlands</a><br>
    Proofreading Guidelines <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_german.php\">in German</a> /
      Korrekturlese-Richtlinien <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_german.php\">auf Deutsch</a><br>
    Proofreading Guidelines <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_italian.php\">in Italian</a> /
      Regole di Correzione <a href=\"proofreading_guidelines_italian.php\">in Italiano</a><br>"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Check out the <a href=\"../quiz/start.php?show_only=PQ\">Proofreading Quiz and Tutorial"); ?></a>!
</p>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="Table of Contents">
  <tbody>
  <tr>
    <td width="1" bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
    <td bgcolor="silver" align="center"><h2 style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"><?php echo _("Table of Contents"); ?></h2></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="1" bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
    <td bgcolor="white" align="left">
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#prime"><?php echo _("The Primary Rule</a>"); ?></li>
        <li><a href="#summary"><?php echo _("Summary Guidelines</a>"); ?></li>
        <li><a href="#about"><?php echo _("About This Document</a>"); ?></li>
        <li><a href="#comments"><?php echo _("Project Comments</a><"); ?>/li>
        <li><a href="#forums"><?php echo _("Forum/Discuss This Project</a>"); ?></li>
        <li><a href="#prev_pg"><?php echo _("Fixing Errors on Previous Pages</a>"); ?></li>
      </ul>
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="1" bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
    <td bgcolor="silver" align="left">&nbsp;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="1" bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
    <td bgcolor="white" align="left">
      <ul>
        <li style="margin-top:.25em;"><font size="+1"><?php echo _("Proofreading at the Character Level:"); ?></font>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#double_q"><?php echo _("Double Quotes"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#single_q"><?php echo _("Single Quotes"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#quote_ea"><?php echo _("Quote Marks on Each Line"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#period_s"><?php echo _("End-of-sentence Periods"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#punctuat"><?php echo _("Punctuation Spacing"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#extra_sp"><?php echo _("Extra Spaces or Tabs Between Words"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#trail_s"><?php echo _("Trailing Space at End-of-line"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#em_dashes"><?php echo _("Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#eol_hyphen"><?php echo _("End-of-line Hyphenation and Dashes"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#eop_hyphen"><?php echo _("End-of-page Hyphenation and Dashes"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#period_p"><?php echo _("Period Pause &quot;...&quot; (Ellipsis)"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#contract"><?php echo _("Contractions"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#fract_s"><?php echo _("Fractions"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#a_chars"><?php echo _("Accented/Non-ASCII Characters"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#d_chars"><?php echo _("Characters with Diacritical Marks"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#f_chars"><?php echo _("Non-Latin Characters"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#supers"><?php echo _("Superscripts"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#subscr"><?php echo _("Subscripts"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#drop_caps"><?php echo _("Large, Ornate Opening Capital Letter (Drop Cap)"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#small_caps"><?php echo _("Words in Small Capitals"); ?></a></li>
        </ul></li>
        <li style="margin-top:.25em;"><font size="+1"><?php echo _("Proofreading at the Paragraph Level:"); ?></font>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#line_br"><?php echo _("Line Breaks"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#chap_head"><?php echo _("Chapter Headings"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#para_space"><?php echo _("Paragraph Spacing/Indenting"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#page_hf"><?php echo _("Page Headers/Page Footers"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#illust"><?php echo _("Illustrations"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#footnotes"><?php echo _("Footnotes/Endnotes"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#para_side"><?php echo _("Paragraph Side-Descriptions (Sidenotes)"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#mult_col"><?php echo _("Multiple Columns"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#tables"><?php echo _("Tables"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#poetry"><?php echo _("Poetry/Epigrams"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#line_no"><?php echo _("Line Numbers"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#next_word"><?php echo _("Single Word at Bottom of Page"); ?></a></li>
        </ul></li>
        <li style="margin-top:.25em;"><font size="+1"><?php echo _("Proofreading at the Page Level:"); ?></font>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#blank_pg"><?php echo _("Blank Page"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#title_pg"><?php echo _("Front/Back Title Page"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#toc"><?php echo _("Table of Contents"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#bk_index"><?php echo _("Indexes"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#play_n"><?php echo _("Plays: Actor Names/Stage Directions"); ?></a></li>
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="#anything"><?php echo _("Anything else that needs special handling or that you're unsure of"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#prev_notes"><?php echo _("Previous Proofreaders' Notes/Comments"); ?></a></li>
      </ul>
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="1" bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
    <td bgcolor="silver" align="left">&nbsp;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="1" bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
    <td bgcolor="white" align="left">
      <ul>
        <li style="margin-top:.25em;"><font size="+1"><?php echo _("Common Problems:"); ?></font>
        <ul>
          <li><a href="#formatting"><?php echo _("Formatting"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#common_OCR"><?php echo _("Common OCR Problems"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#OCR_scanno"><?php echo _("OCR Problems: Scannos"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#OCR_raised_o"><?php echo _("OCR Problems: Is that &deg; &ordm; really a degree sign?"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#hand_notes"><?php echo _("Handwritten Notes in Book"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#bad_image"><?php echo _("Bad Image"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#bad_text"><?php echo _("Wrong Image for Text"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#round1"><?php echo _("Previous Proofreader Mistakes"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#p_errors"><?php echo _("Printer Errors/Misspellings"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#f_errors"><?php echo _("Factual Errors in Texts"); ?></a></li>
          <li><a href="#insert_char"><?php echo _("Inserting Special Characters"); ?></a></li>
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="#index"><?php echo _("Alphabetical Index to the Guidelines"); ?></a></li>
      </ul>
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td width="1" bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
    <td bgcolor="silver">&nbsp;</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<div style="margin-right:6%; margin-left:0.5%;">

<h3><a name="prime"><?php echo _("The Primary Rule"); ?></a></h3>

<p><em><?php echo _("\"Don't change what the author wrote!\""); ?></em>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("The final electronic book seen by a reader, possibly many years in the future, should accurately convey the intent of the author. If the author spelled words oddly, we leave them spelled that way. If the author wrote outrageous racist or biased statements, we leave them that way. If the author put commas, superscripts, or footnotes every third word, we keep the commas, superscripts, or footnotes. We are proofreaders, <b>not</b> editors; if something in the text does not match the original page image, you should change the text so that it does match. (See <a href=\"#p_errors\">Printer's Errors</a> for proper handling of obvious misprints.)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("We do change minor typographical conventions that don't affect the sense of what the author wrote. For example, we rejoin words that were broken at the end of a line (<a href=\"#eol_hyphen\">End-of-line Hyphenation</a>). Changes such as these help us produce a <em>consistently formed</em> version of the book. The proofreading rules we follow are designed to achieve this result. Please carefully read the rest of the Proofreading Guidelines with this concept in mind. These guidelines are intended for proofreading <i>only</i>.   As a proofreader you are matching the image's content while later the formatters will match the image's look."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("To assist the next proofreader, the formatters, and the post-processor, we also preserve <a href=\"#line_br\">line breaks</a>. This allows them to easily compare the lines in the text to the lines in the image."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>

<h3><a name="summary"><?php echo _("Summary Guidelines"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("The <a href=\"proofing_summary.pdf\">Proofreading Summary</a> is a short, 2-page printer-friendly (.pdf) document that summarizes the main points of these Guidelines and gives examples of how to proofread. Beginning proofreaders are encouraged to print out this document and keep it handy while proofreading."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("You may need to download and install a .pdf reader. You can get one free from Adobe&reg; <a href=\"http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html\">here</a>."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="about"><?php echo _("About This Document"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("This document is written to explain the proofreading rules we use to maintain consistency when proofreading a single book that is distributed among many proofreaders, each of whom is working on different pages. This helps us all do proofreading <em>the same way</em>, which in turn makes it easier for the formatters and for the post-processor who will complete the work on this e-book."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("<i>It is not intended as any kind of a general editorial or typesetting rulebook</i>."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("We've included in these proofreading guidelines all the items that new users have asked about while proofreading. There is a separate set of <a href=\"document.php\">Formatting Guidelines</a>. A second group of volunteers will be working on the formatting of the text. If you come across a situation and you do not find a reference in these guidelines, it is likely that it will be handled in the formatting rounds and so is not mentioned here. If you aren't sure, please ask about it in the <a href=\"#forums\">Project Discussion</a>."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("If there are any items missing, or items that you consider should be done differently, or if something is vague, please let us know."); ?><?php if($site_url == "http://www.pgdp.net" || $site_url == "http://www.pgdp.org") { ?>

<?php echo _("If you come across an unfamiliar term in these guidelines, see the <a href=\"http://www.pgdp.net/wiki/DP_Jargon\">wiki jargon guide</a>."); ?>

<?php } ?>

<?php echo _("This document is a work in progress. Help us to improve it by posting your suggested changes in the Documentation Forum in <a href=\"<?php echo $Guideline_discussion_URL; ?>\">this thread</a>."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="comments"><?php echo _("Project Comments"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("When you select a project for proofreading, the Project Page is loaded. On this page there is a section called   \"Project Comments\" containing information specific to that project (book). <b>Read these before you start proofreading pages!</b> If the Project Manager wants you to do something in this book differently from the way specified in these Guidelines, that will be noted here. Instructions in the Project Comments <em>override</em> the rules in these Guidelines, so follow them. There may also be instructions in the project comments that apply to the formatting phase, which do not apply during proofreading. Finally, this is also where the Project Manager may give you interesting tidbits of information about the author or the project."); ?>
</p>

<p><em><?php echo _("Please also read the Project Thread (discussion)</em>: The Project Manager may clarify project-specific   guidelines here, and it is often used by proofreaders to alert other proofreaders to recurring issues within the project and how they can best be addressed. (See below.)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("On the Project Page, the link \'Images, Pages Proofread, &amp; Differences\' allows you to see how other proofreaders have made changes. <a href=\"<?php echo $Using_project_details_URL; ?>\">This forum thread</a> discusses different ways to use this information."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="forums"><?php echo _("Forum/Discuss This Project"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("On the Project Page where you start proofreading pages, on the line \"Forum\", there is a link titled \"Discuss this Project\" (if the discussion has already started), or \"Start a discussion on this Project\" (if it hasn't). Clicking on that link will take you to a thread in the projects forum dedicated to this specific project. That is the place to ask questions about this book, inform the Project Manager about problems, etc. Using this project forum thread is the recommended way to communicate with the Project Manager and other proofreaders who are working on this book."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="prev_pg"><?php echo _("Fixing Errors on Previous Pages"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("The <a href=\"#comments\">Project Page</a> contains links to pages from this project that you have
   recently proofread. (If you haven't proofread any pages yet, no links will be shown.)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Pages listed under either \"DONE\" or \"IN PROGRESS\" are available to make proofreading corrections or to finish proofreading. Just click on the link to the page. Thus, if you discover that you made a mistake on a page or marked something incorrectly, you can click on that page here and reopen it to fix the error."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("You may also use the \"Images, Pages Proofread, &amp; Differences\" or \"Just My Pages\" links on the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Page</a>. These pages will display an \"Edit\" link next to the pages you have worked on in the current round that can still be corrected."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("For more detailed information, refer to either the <a href=\"prooffacehelp.php?i_type=0\">Standard   Proofreading Interface Help</a> or the <a href=\"prooffacehelp.php?i_type=1\">Enhanced Proofreading Interface Help</a>, depending on which interface you are using."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" summary="Character-level proofreading">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="silver"><h2 style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"><?php echo _("Proofreading at the Character Level:"); ?></h2></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


<h3><a name="double_q"><?php echo _("Double Quotes"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread &ldquo;double quotes&rdquo; as plain ASCII <tt>\"</tt> double quotes. Do not change double quotes to single quotes. Leave them as the author wrote them. See <a href=\"#chap_head\">Chapter Headings</a> if a double quote is missing at the start of a chapter."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("For quotation marks other than <tt>\"</tt>, use the same marks that appear in the image if they are available. The French equivalent, guillemets&nbsp; <tt>&laquo;like this&raquo;</tt>, are available from the pulldown menus in the proofreading interface, since they are part of Latin-1. Remember to remove space between the quotation marks and the quoted text; if needed, it will be added in post-processing. The same applies to languages which use reversed guillemets,&nbsp; <tt>&raquo;like this&laquo;"); ?></tt>.
</p>

<p><?php echo _("The quotation marks used in some texts (in German or other languages)&nbsp; <tt>&bdquo;like this&ldquo;</tt>&nbsp;"); ?>

<?php if(!$utf8_site) { ?>

<?php echo _("are not available in the pulldown menus, as they are not in Latin-1. They are often converted into guillemets&nbsp; <tt>&raquo;like this&laquo;</tt>&nbsp; (or&nbsp; <tt>&laquo;like this&raquo;</tt>&nbsp; for languages   that use the quotes&nbsp; <tt>&ldquo;this way&bdquo;</tt>), but be sure to check the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a> in case the Project Manager has given different instructions."); ?>
<?php } else { ?>
<?php echo _("are also available in the pulldown menus; for the sake of simplicity, you should always use&nbsp; <tt>&bdquo;</tt>&nbsp; and&nbsp; <tt>&ldquo;</tt>&nbsp; regardless of the actual quotes used in the original text, as long as the quotes used in the original text are clearly lower and upper. If needed, the quotes will be changed to ones used in the text in post-processing."); ?>
<?php } ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("The Project Manager may instruct you in the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a> to proofread non-English language quotation marks differently for a particular book. Please be sure not to apply those directions to other projects."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="single_q"><?php echo _("Single Quotes"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread these as the plain ASCII <tt>'</tt> single quote (apostrophe). Do not change single quotes to double quotes. Leave them as the author wrote them."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="quote_ea"><?php echo _("Quote Marks on Each Line"); ?></a></h3>

<p>Proofread quotation marks at the beginning of each line of a quotation by removing all of them <b>except for</b> the one at the start of the quotation. If a quotation like this goes on for multiple paragraphs, leave the quote mark that appears on the first line of each paragraph."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("However, in poetry keep the extra quote marks where they appear in the image, since the line breaks will not be changed."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Often there is no closing quotation mark until the very end of the quoted section of text, which may not be on the same page you are proofreading. Leave it that way&mdash;do not add closing quotation marks that are not in the page image."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("There are some language-specific exceptions. In French, for example, dialog within quotations uses a combination of different punctuation to indicate various speakers. If you are not familiar with a particular language, check the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a> or leave a message for the Project Manager in the Project Discussion for clarification."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" align="center" summary="Example of quote marks on each line">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">
        <?php echo _("Clearly he wasn't an academic with a preface like this<br> one. &ldquo;I do not give the name of the play, act or scene,<br> &ldquo;in head or foot lines, in my numerous quotations from<br> &ldquo;Shakspere, designedly leaving the reader to trace and<br> &ldquo;find for himself a liberal education by studying the<br> &ldquo;wisdom of the Divine Bard.<br><br> &ldquo;There are many things in this volume that the ordinary<br> &ldquo;mind will not understand, yet I only contract with the<br> &ldquo;present and future generations to give rare and rich<br> &ldquo;food for thought, and cannot undertake to furnish the<br> &ldquo;reader brains with each book!&rdquo;"); ?>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
      <td>
        <tt>
        <?php echo _("Clearly he wasn't an academic with a preface like this<br> one. \"I do not give the name of the play, act or scene,<br> in head or foot lines, in my numerous quotations from<br> Shakspere, designedly leaving the reader to trace and<br> find for himself a liberal education by studying the<br> wisdom of the Divine Bard.\"<br> <br> \"There are many things in this volume that the ordinary<br> mind will not understand, yet I only contract with the<br> present and future generations to give rare and rich<br> food for thought, and cannot undertake to furnish the<br> reader brains with each book!\""); ?>
        </tt>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="period_s"><?php echo _("End-of-sentence Periods"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread periods that end sentences with a single space after them."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("You do not need to remove extra spaces after periods if they're already in the OCR'd text&mdash;we can do that automatically during post-processing."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="punctuat"><?php echo _("Punctuation Spacing"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Spaces before punctuation sometimes appear because books typeset in the 1700's &amp; 1800's often used partial spaces before punctuation such as a semicolon or colon."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("In general, a punctuation mark should have a space after it but no space before it. If the OCR'd text has   no space after a punctuation mark, add one; if there is a space before punctuation, remove it. This applies even to languages such as French that normally use spaces before punctuation characters. However, punctuation marks that normally appear in pairs, such as \"quotation marks\", (parentheses), [brackets], and {braces} normally have a space before the opening mark, which should be retained."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Punctuation example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("and so it goes&nbsp;; ever and ever."); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("and so it goes; ever and ever."); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="extra_sp"><?php echo _("Extra Spaces or Tabs Between Words"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Extra spaces between words are common in OCR output. You don't need to bother removing these&mdash;that can be done automatically during post-processing. However, extra spaces around punctuation, em-dashes, quote marks, etc. <b>do</b> need to be removed when they separate the symbol from the word."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("For example, in <tt>A horse&nbsp;;&nbsp;&nbsp;my kingdom for a horse.</tt> the space between the word \"horse\" and the semicolon should be removed. But the 2 spaces after the semicolon are fine&mdash;you don't have to delete one of them."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("In addition, if you find any tab characters in the text you should remove them."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="trail_s"><?php echo _("Trailing Space at End-of-line"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Do not bother inserting spaces at the ends of lines of text; any such spaces will automatically be removed from the text when you save the page. When the text is post-processed, each end-of-line will be converted into a space."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="em_dashes"><?php echo _("Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs"); ?></a></h3>

<p>There are generally four such marks you will see in books:"); ?>
</p>

  <ol compact>
    <li><?php echo _("<i>Hyphens</i>. These are used to <b>join</b> words together, or sometimes to join prefixes or suffixes to a word. <br>Leave these as a single hyphen, with no spaces on either side.  Note that there is a common exception to this shown in the second example below."); ?></li>

    <li><?php echo _("<i>En-dashes</i>. These are just a little longer, and are used for a <b>range</b> of numbers, or for a mathematical <b>minus</b> sign. <br>Proofread these as a single hyphen, too. Spaces before or after are determined by the way it was done in the book; usually no spaces in number ranges, usually spaces  around mathematical minus signs, sometimes both sides, sometimes just before."); ?></li>

    <li><?php echo _("<i>Em-dashes &amp; long dashes</i>. These serve as <b>separators</b> between words&mdash;sometimes for emphasis like this&mdash;or when a speaker gets a word caught in his throat&mdash;&mdash;! <br>Proofread these as two hyphens if the dash is as long as 2-3 letters (an <i>em-dash</i>)  and four hyphens if the dash is as long as 4-5 letters (a <i>long dash</i>). Don't leave a space before or after, even if it looks like there was a space in the original book image."); ?></li>

    <li><?php echo _("<i>Deliberately Omitted or Censored Words or Names</i>. <br>If represented by a dash in the image, proofread these as two hyphens or four hyphens as described for em-dashes &amp; long dashes. When it represents a word, we leave appropriate space around it like it's really a word. If it's only part of a word, then no spaces&mdash;join it with the rest of the word."); ?></li>

</ol>

<p><?php echo _("See also the guidelines for <a href=\"#eol_hyphen\">end-of-line</a> and <a href=\"#eop_hyphen\">end-of-page</a> hyphens and dashes."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<p><?php echo _("<b>Examples</b>&mdash;Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs:"); ?>
</p>

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Hyphens and Dashes examples">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
      <th valign="top" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
      <th valign="top" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Type"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("semi-detached"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("semi-detached"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Hyphen"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("three- and four-part harmony"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("three- and four-part harmony"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Hyphens"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("discoveries which the Crus- <br> aders made and brought home with"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("discoveries which the Crusaders<br> made and brought home with"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Hyphen"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("factors which mold char- <br> acter&mdash;environment, training and heritage,"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("factors which mold character--environment,<br> training and heritage,"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Hyphen &amp; Em-dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("See pages 21&ndash;25"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("See pages 21-25"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("En-dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("It was &ndash;14&deg;C outside."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("It was -14&deg;C outside."); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("En-dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("X &ndash; Y = Z"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("X - Y = Z"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("En-dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("2&ndash;1/2"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("2-1/2"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("En-dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("&mdash;A plague on both<br> your houses!&mdash;I am dead."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("--A plague on both<br> your houses!--I am dead."); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Em-dashes"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("sensations&mdash;sweet, bitter, salt, and sour <br> &mdash;if even all of these are simple tastes. What"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("sensations--sweet, bitter, salt, and sour--if<br> even all of these are simple tastes. What"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Em-dashes"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("senses&mdash;touch, smell, hearing, and sight&mdash;<br> with which we are here concerned,"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("senses--touch, smell, hearing, and sight--with<br> which we are here concerned,"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Em-dashes"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("It is the east, and Juliet is the sun&mdash;!"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("It is the east, and Juliet is the sun--!"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Em-dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><img src="dashes.png" width="300" height="28" alt=""></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("how a--a--cannon-ball goes----\""); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Em-dashes, Hyphen,<br> &amp; Long Dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("\"Three hundred&mdash;&mdash;\" \"years,\" she was going to<br> say, but the left-hand cat interrupted her."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("\"Three hundred----\" \"years,\" she was going to<br> say, but the left-hand cat interrupted her."); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Long Dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("As the witness Mr. &mdash;&mdash; testified,"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("As the witness Mr. ---- testified,"); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Long Dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("As the witness Mr. S&mdash;&mdash; testified,"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("As the witness Mr. S---- testified,<"); ?>/tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Long Dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("the famous detective of &mdash;&mdash;B Baker St.<"); ?>/td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("the famous detective of ----B Baker St.</tt>"); ?></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Long Dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("&ldquo;You &mdash;&mdash; Yankee&rdquo;, she yelled."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("\"You ---- Yankee\", she yelled."); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Long Dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("&ldquo;I am not a d&mdash;d Yankee&rdquo;, he replied."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("\"I am not a d--d Yankee\", he replied."); ?></tt></td>
      <td><?php echo _("Em-dash"); ?></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="eol_hyphen"><?php echo _("End-of-line Hyphenation and Dashes"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Where a hyphen appears at the end of a line, join the two halves of the hyphenated word back together. Remove the hyphen when you join it, unless  it is really a hyphenated word like well-meaning. See <a href=\"#em_dashes\">Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs</a> for examples of each kind. Keep the joined word on the top line, and put a line break after it to preserve the line formatting&mdash;this makes it easier for volunteers in later rounds. If the word is followed by punctuation, then carry that punctuation onto the top line, too."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Words like to-day and to-morrow that we don't commonly hyphenate now were often hyphenated in the old books we are working on. Leave them hyphenated the way the author did. If you're not sure if the author hyphenated it or not, leave the hyphen, put an <tt>*</tt> after it, and join the word together like this: <tt>to-*day</tt>. The asterisk will bring it to the attention of the post-processor, who has access to all the pages and can determine how the author typically wrote this word."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Similarly, if an em-dash appears at the start or end of a line of your OCR'd text, join it with the other line so that there are no spaces or line breaks around it. However, if the author used an em-dash to start or end a paragraph or a line of poetry, you should leave it as it is, without joining it to the next line. See <a href=\"#em_dashes\">Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs</a> for examples."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="eop_hyphen"><?php echo _("End-of-page Hyphenation and Dashes"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread end-of-page hyphens or em-dashes by leaving the hyphen or em-dash at the end of the last line, and mark it with a <tt>*</tt> after the hyphen or dash. For example:"); ?>
</p>

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="End-of-page Hyphenation example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("something Pat had already become accus-"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("something Pat had already become accus-*"); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p><?php echo _("On pages that start with part of a word from the previous page or an em-dash, place a <tt>*</tt> before the partial word or em-dash. To continue the above example:"); ?>
</p>

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Start-of-page Hyphenation example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("tomed to from having to do his own family"); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("*tomed to from having to do his own family"); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p><?php echo _("These markings indicate to the post-processor that the word must be rejoined when the pages are combined to produce the final e-book. Please do not join the fragments across the pages yourself."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="period_p"><?php echo _("Period Pause &quot;...&quot; (Ellipsis)"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("The guidelines are different for English and Languages Other Than English (LOTE)."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("<b>ENGLISH</b>: An ellipsis should have three dots.  Regarding the spacing, in the middle of a sentence treat the three dots as a single word (i.e., usually a space before the 3 dots and a space after). At the end of a sentence treat the ellipsis as ending punctuation, with no space before it."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Note that there will also be an ending punctuation mark at the end of a sentence, so in the case of a period there will be 4 dots total. Remove extra dots, if any, or add new ones, if necessary, to bring the number to three (or four) as appropriate. A good hint that you're at the end of a sentence is the use of a capital   letter at the start of the next word, or the presence of an ending punctuation mark  (e.g., a question mark or exclamation point)."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("<b>LOTE:</b> (Languages Other Than English) Use the general rule \"Follow closely the style used in the printed page.\" In particular, insert spaces, if there are spaces before or between the periods, and use the same number of periods as appear in the image. Sometimes the printed page is unclear; in that case, insert a <tt>[**unclear]</tt> to draw the attention of the post-processor. (Note: Post-processors should replace those regular spaces with non-breaking spaces.)"); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p>English examples:
</p>

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Ellipses examples">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
      <th valign="top" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("That I know .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. is true."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("That I know ... is true."); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("This is the end...."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("This is the end...."); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("The moving finger writes; and.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. The poet<br> surely had a pen though!"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("The moving finger writes; and.... The poet<br> surely had a pen though! "); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("Wherefore art thou Romeo.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;?"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("Wherefore art thou Romeo...?"); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("&ldquo;I went to the store,&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&rdquo; said Harry."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("\"I went to the store, ...\" said Harry."); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("&ldquo;... And I did too!&rdquo; said Sally."); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("\"... And I did too!\" said Sally."); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("&ldquo;Really?&nbsp;&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;. Oh, Harry!&rdquo;"); ?></td>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("\"Really?... Oh, Harry!\""); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>

<h3><a name="contract"><?php echo _("Contractions"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("In English, remove any extra space in contractions. For example, <tt>would&nbsp;n't</tt> should be proofread as <tt>wouldn't</tt> and <tt>'t&nbsp;is</tt> as <tt>'tis</tt>."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("This was a 19th century printers' convention in which the space was retained to indicate that \'would\' and \'not\' were originally separate words. It is also sometimes an artifact of the OCR. Remove the extra space in either case."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Some Project Managers may specify in the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a> not to remove extra spaces in contractions, particularly in the case of books that contain slang, dialect, or poetry."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="fract_s"><?php echo _("Fractions"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Proofread fractions as follows: <tt>&frac14;</tt> becomes <tt>1/4</tt>, and <tt>2&frac12;</tt> becomes <tt>2-1/2</tt>. The hyphen prevents the whole and fractional part from becoming separated when the lines are rewrapped during post-processing. Unless specifically requested in the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>,   please do not use the actual fraction symbols."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>

<h3><a name="a_chars"><?php echo _("Accented/Non-ASCII Characters"); ?></a></h3>

<?php if(!$utf8_site) 
{ ?><p>
	<?php echo _("Please proofread these using the proper symbols or accented characters to match the image, where possible, including the use or non-use of accents. We can only use Latin-1 characters during proofreading; if you aren't sure if a character is in the Latin-1 character set, check the <a href='#insert_char'>tables below</a>."); ?>
<?php 
} else {
?><p>
	<?php echo _("Please proofread these using the proper UTF-8 characters. For characters which are not in Unicode, see the Project Manager's instructions in the <a href='#comments'>Project Comments</a>."); ?>

<?php } ?>

   <?php echo _("If they are not on your keyboard, see <a href=\"#insert_char\">Inserting Special Characters</a> for information on how to input these characters during proofreading."); ?>
</p>

<?php if(!$utf8_site) { ?>

<p><?php echo _("The &oelig; character (oe ligature) is not in Latin-1, so we mark it with brackets like in <tt>man[oe]uvre</tt>, or <tt>[OE]dipus</tt> for the capital &OElig;. Note that the &aelig; character (ae ligature, as in <tt>encyclop&aelig;dia</tt>) is in Latin-1, so that character should be inserted directly."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("For other characters outside of Latin-1, see <a href=\"#d_chars\">Diacritical marks</a> for how to proofread accents or other marks above or below Latin letters. For characters that are not addressed in these guidelines, see the Project Manager's instructions in the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>."); ?>
</p>

<?php } ?>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="d_chars"><?php echo _("Characters with Diacritical Marks"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("In some projects, you will find characters with special marks either above or below the normal Latin A...Z character. These are called <i>diacritical marks</i>, and indicate a special pronunciation for this character."); ?>
</p>

<?php if($utf8_site) { ?>

<p><?php echo _("If such a character does not exist in Unicode, it should be entered by using <i>combining diacritical marks</i>: these are Unicode symbols which can't appear alone, but appear above (or below) the letter after which they are placed. They could be entered by first entering the base letter, and then the combining mark, using applets and programs mentioned in   <a href=\"#insert_char\">Inserting Special Characters</a>."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("On some systems, diacritical marks may not appear exactly where they should, but, for example, moved to the right. They should still be used, as people with other systems will see them correctly. However, if, for any reason, you can't see or enter combining marks properly, mark such letter with a [**note]. Note that <i>Spacing modifier letters</i> also exist; these   should not be used."); ?>
</p>

<?php } else { ?>

   <?php echo _("For proofreading, we indicate them in the text by using a specific coding, such as: <span style=\"font-size:110%;\">&#259;</span> becomes <tt>[)a]</tt> for a breve (the u-shaped accent) above an a, or <tt>[a)]</tt> for a breve below. Be sure to include the square brackets (<tt>[&nbsp;]</tt>). In the rare case when a diacritic is over two   letters, include both letters in the brackets."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("The post-processor will eventually replace these with whatever symbol works in each version of the text produced, such as 7-bit ASCII, 8-bit, Unicode, html, etc."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Note that when some of these marks appear on some characters (mainly vowels) our standard Latin-1 character set already includes that character with the diacritical mark. <b>In those cases, use the Latin-1 character (see <a href=\"#a_chars\">here</a>), available from the drop-down lists in the proofreading interface.</b>"); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<p><?php echo _("In the table below, the \"x\" represents a letter with a diacritical mark. When proofreading, use the actual character from the text, not the <tt>x</tt> shown in the examples."); ?>
</p>

<!--
  diacritical mark           above  below
macron (straight line)       [=x]   [x=]
2 dots (dieresis or umlaut)  [:x]   [x:]
1 dot                        [.x]   [x.]
grave accent                 ['x]   [x']
acute (aigu) accent          [`x]   [x`]
circumflex                   [^x]   [x^]
caron (v-shaped symbol)      [vx]   [xv]
breve (u-shaped symbol)      [)x]   [x)]
tilde                        [~x]   [x~]
cedilla                      [,x]   [x,]
-->

<table align="center" border="6" rules="all" style="margin-top:1em;" summary="Diacriticals">
  <tbody>
    <tr bgcolor="cornsilk">
      <th colspan=4><?php echo _("Proofreading Symbols for Diacritical Marks"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr bgcolor="cornsilk">
      <th><?php echo _("diacritical mark"); ?></th>
      <th><?php echo _("sample"); ?></th>
      <th style="padding-left:4; padding-right:4;"><?php echo _("above"); ?></th>
      <th style="padding-left:4; padding-right:4;"><?php echo _("below"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("macron (straight line)"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">&macr;</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[=x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x=]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("2 dots (dieresis, umlaut)"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">&uml;</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[:x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x:]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("1 dot"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">&middot;</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[.x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x.]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("grave accent"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">`</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[`x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x`]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("acute accent (aigu)"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">&acute;</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>['x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x']</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("circumflex"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">&circ;</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[^x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x^]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("caron (v-shaped symbol)"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><font size="-1">&or;</font></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[vx]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[xv]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("breve (u-shaped symbol)"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><font size="-1">&cup;</font></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[)x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x)]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("tilde"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">&tilde;</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[~x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x~]</tt></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><td><?php echo _("cedilla"); ?></td>
      <td align="center"><span style="font-size:150%;">&cedil;</span></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[,x]</tt></td>
      <td align="center"><tt>[x,]</tt></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<?php } ?>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>

<h3><a name="f_chars"><?php echo _("Non-Latin Characters"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Some projects contain text printed in non-Latin characters; that is, characters other than the Latin A...Z&mdash;for example, Greek, Cyrillic (used in Russian, Slavic, and other languages), Hebrew, or Arabic characters."); ?>
</p>

<?php if(strcasecmp($charset,"UTF-8")) { ?>

<p><?php echo _("For Greek, you should attempt a transliteration. Transliteration involves converting each character of the foreign text into the equivalent Latin letter(s). A Greek
   transliteration tool is provided in the proofreading interface to make this task much easier."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Press the \"Greek Transliterator\" button near the bottom of the proofreading interface to open the tool. In the tool, click on the Greek characters that match the word or phrase you are transliterating, and the appropriate Latin-1 characters will appear in the text box. When you are done, simply cut and paste this transliterated text into the page you are proofreading. Surround the transliterated text with the Greek markers <tt>[Greek:&nbsp;</tt> and <tt>]</tt>.  For example, <span style=\"font-size:115%;\">&Beta;&iota;&beta;&lambda;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span> would become <tt>[Greek: Biblos]</tt>. (\"Book\"&mdash;so appropriate for <?php echo \"$site_abbreviation\"; ?>!)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("If you are uncertain about your transliteration, mark it with <tt>**</tt> to bring it to the attention of the next proofreader or the post-processor."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("For other alphabets that cannot be so easily transliterated, such as Cyrillic, Hebrew, or Arabic, replace the non-Latin characters or OCR garbage with the appropriate mark: <tt>[Cyrillic:&nbsp;**]</tt>,   <tt>[Hebrew:&nbsp;**]</tt>, or <tt>[Arabic:&nbsp;**]</tt>. Include the <tt>**</tt> so the post-processor can address it later."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<ul compact>
  <li><?php echo _("Greek: See the <a href=\"$greek_wiki_url\">Transliterating Greek</a> wiki page,  <a href=\"<?php echo $PG_greek_howto_url>\">Greek HOWTO</a> from  Project Gutenberg, or the \"Greek Transliterator\" pop-up tool in the proofreading interface."); ?></li>

  <li><?php echo _("Cyrillic: While a standard transliteration scheme exists for Cyrillic, we only recommend you attempt a transliteration if you are fluent in a language that uses it. Otherwise, just mark it as indicated above."); ?></li>
  
  <li><?php echo _("Hebrew and Arabic: Not recommended unless you are fluent. There are significant difficulties transliterating these languages and neither Distributed Proofreaders nor <a href=\"<?php echo $PG_home_url; ?>\">Project Gutenberg</a> have yet chosen a standard method."); ?></li>

</ul>

<?php } else { ?>

<p><?php echo _("These characters should be entered in the text just as Latin characters are. (<b>WITHOUT transliteration!</b>)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("If a document is written entirely in a non-Latin script, it is best to install a keyboard driver which supports the language. Consult your operating system manual for instructions on how to do that."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("If the script appears only occasionally, you may use a separate program to enter it. See <a href=\"#insert_char\">Inserting Special Characters</a> for some of the programs."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("If you are uncertain about a character or an accent, mark it with a [**note] to bring it to the attention of the next proofreader or the post-processor."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("For scripts which cannot be so easily entered, such as Arabic, identify it with the appropriate mark: <tt>[Arabic:&nbsp;**]</tt>. Include the <tt>**</tt> so the post-processor can address it later."); ?>
</p>

<?php } ?>

<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="supers"><?php echo _("Superscripts"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Older books often abbreviated words as contractions, and printed them as superscripts. Proofread these by inserting a single caret (<tt>^</tt>) followed by the superscripted text. If the superscript continues for more than one character, then surround the text with curly braces <tt>{</tt> and <tt>}</tt> as well. For example:"); ?>
</p>

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Superscripts example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:<"); ?>/th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><?php echo _("Gen<sup>rl</sup> Washington defeated L<sup>d</sup> Cornwall's army."); ?></td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><tt><?php echo _("Gen^{rl} Washington defeated L^d Cornwall's army."); ?></tt></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p><?php echo _("If the superscript represents a footnote marker, then see the <a href=\"#footnotes\">Footnotes</a> section instead."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("The Project Manager may specify in the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a> that superscripted text be marked differently."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="subscr"><?php echo _("Subscripts"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Subscripted text is often found in scientific works, but is not common in other material. Proofread subscripted text by inserting an underline character <tt>_</tt> and surrounding the text with curly braces <tt>{</tt> and <tt>}</tt>. For example:"); ?>
</p>

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Subscripts example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">H<sub>2</sub>O.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top"><tt>H_{2}O.</tt></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="drop_caps"><?php echo _("Large, Ornate Opening Capital Letter (Drop Cap)"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread a large and ornate graphic first letter of a chapter, section, or paragraph as if it were an ordinary letter. See also the <a href=\"#chap_head\">Chapter Headings</a> section of the Proofreading Guidelines."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="small_caps"><?php echo _("Words in Small Capitals"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Please proofread only the characters in <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\">Small Caps</span> (capital letters which are smaller than the standard capitals). Do not worry about case changes. If the OCR'd text is already ALL-CAPPED, Mixed-Cased, or lower-cased, leave it ALL-CAPPED, Mixed-Cased, or lower-cased. Small caps may occasionally appear with <tt>&lt;sc&gt;</tt> and <tt>&lt;/sc&gt;</tt> around it; see <a href=\"#formatting\">Formatting</a> in that case."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" summary="Paragraph-level proofreading">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="silver"><h2 style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"><?php echo _("Proofreading at the Paragraph Level:"); ?></h2></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


<h3><a name="line_br"><?php echo _("Line Breaks"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("<b>Leave all line breaks in</b> so that later in the process other volunteers can easily compare the lines in the text to the lines in the image. Be especially careful about this when rejoining <a href=\"#eol_hyphen\">hyphenated words</a> or moving words around  <a href=\"#em_dashes\">em-dashes</a>. If the previous proofreader removed the line breaks, please replace them so that they once again match the image."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<!-- We should have an example right here for this. -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="chap_head"><?php echo _("Chapter Headings"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread chapter headings as they appear in the image."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("A chapter heading may start a bit farther down the page than the <a href=\"#page_hf\">page header</a> and won't have a page number on the same line. Chapter Headings are often printed all caps; if so, keep them as all caps."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Watch out for a missing double quote at the start of the first paragraph, which some publishers did not include or which the OCR missed due to a large capital in the image. If the author started the paragraph with dialog, insert the double quote."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="para_space"><?php echo _("Paragraph Spacing/Indenting"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Put a blank line before the start of a paragraph, even if it starts at the top of a page. You should not indent the start of the paragraph, but if it is already indented don't bother removing those spaces&mdash;that can be done automatically during post-processing."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("See the <a href=\"#para_side\">Sidenotes</a> image/text for an example."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="page_hf"><?php echo _("Page Headers/Page Footers"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Remove page headers and page footers, but <em>not</em> <a href=\"#footnotes\">footnotes</a>, from the text."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("The page headers are normally at the top of the image and have a page number opposite them. Page headers may be the same all through the book (often the title of the book and the author's name), they may be the same for each chapter (often the chapter number), or they may be different on each page (describing the action on that page). Remove them all, regardless, including the page number. Extra blank lines should be removed except where we intentionally add them for proofreading. But blank lines at the bottom of the page are fine&mdash;these are removed when you save the page."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Page footers are at the bottom of the image and may contain a page number or other extraneous marks that are not part of what the author wrote."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<p><?php echo _("A <a href=\"#chap_head\">chapter heading</a> will usually start further down the page and won't have a page number on the same line. See the example below."); ?>
</p>

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Page Headers and Footers">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"><img src="foot.png" alt="" width="500" height="860"><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
        <?php echo _("<tt>In the United States?[*] In a railroad? In a mining company?<br> In a bank? In a church? In a college?<br> <br> Write a list of all the corporations that you know or have<br> ever heard of, grouping them under the heads public and private.<br> <br> How could a pastor collect his salary if the church should<br> refuse to pay it?<br> <br> Could a bank buy a piece of ground \"on speculation?\" To<br> build its banking-house on? Could a county lend money if it<br> had a surplus? State the general powers of a corporation.<br> Some of the special powers of a bank. Of a city.<br> <br> A portion of a man's farm is taken for a highway, and he is<br> paid damages; to whom does said land belong? The road intersects<br> the farm, and crossing the road is a brook containing<br> trout, which have been put there and cared for by the farmer;<br> may a boy sit on the public bridge and catch trout from that<br> brook? If the road should be abandoned or lifted, to whom<br> would the use of the land go?<br> <br> CHAPTER XXXV.<br> <br> Commercial Paper.<br> <br> Kinds and Uses.--If a man wishes to buy some commodity<br> from another but has not the money to pay for<br> it, he may secure what he wants by giving his written<br> promise to pay at some future time. This written<br> promise, or note, the seller prefers to an oral promise<br> for several reasons, only two of which need be mentioned<br> here: first, because it is prima facie evidence of<br> the debt; and, second, because it may be more easily<br> transferred or handed over to some one else.<br> <br> If J. M. Johnson, of Saint Paul, owes C. M. Jones,<br>        of Chicago, a hundred dollars, and Nelson Blake, of<br> Chicago, owes J. M. Johnson a hundred dollars, it is<br> plain that the risk, expense, time and trouble of sending<br> the money to and from Chicago may be avoided,<br> <br> *The United States: \"Its charter, the constitution. * * * Its flag the<br> symbol of its power; its seal, of its authority.\"--Dole."); ?>
        </tt>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="illust"><?php echo _("Illustrations"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Ignore illustrations, but proofread any caption text as it is printed, preserving the line breaks. If the caption falls in the middle of a paragraph, use blank lines to set it apart from the rest of the text. Text that could be (part of) a caption should be included, such as \"See page 66\" or a title within the bounds of the illustration."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Most pages with an illustration but no text will already be marked with <tt>[Blank Page]</tt>. Leave this marking as is."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Illustration example">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"> <img src="illust.png" alt="" width="500" height="525"> <br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
        <p><?php echo _("<tt>Martha told him that he had always been her ideal and<br>
        that she worshipped him.<br>
        <br>
        Frontispiece<br>
        Her Weight in Gold"); ?>
        </tt></p>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<br>
<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Illustration in Middle of Paragraph">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image: (Illustration in middle of paragraph)"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"> <img src="illust2.png" alt="" width="500" height="514"> <br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
      <td>
      
        <p><tt> <?php echo _("such study are due to Italians. Several of these instruments<br> have already been described in this journal, and on the present<br>"); ?>
        </tt></p>
        
        <p><tt><?php echo _("FIG. 1.--APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF HORIZONTAL<br> SEISMIC MOVEMENTS."); ?></tt>
        </p>
        
        <p><tt>        <?php echo _("occasion we shall make known a few others that will<br> serve to give an idea of the methods employed.<br>"); ?>
        </tt></p>
        
        <p><tt> <?php echo _("For the observation of the vertical and horizontal motions<br> of the ground, different apparatus are required. The"); ?></tt>
        </p>
        
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="footnotes"><?php echo _("Footnotes/Endnotes"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread footnotes by leaving the text of the footnote at the bottom of the page and placing a tag where it is referenced in the text."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("In the main text, the character that marks a footnote location should be surrounded with square brackets (<tt>[</tt> and <tt>]</tt>) and placed right next to the word being footnoted<tt>[1]</tt> or its punctuation mark,<tt>[2]</tt> as shown in the image and the two examples in this sentence. Footnote markers may be numbers, letters, or symbols. When footnotes are marked with a symbol or a series of symbols (*, &dagger;, &Dagger;, &sect;, etc.) we replace them all with <tt>[*]</tt> in the text, and <tt>*</tt> next to the footnote itself."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("At the bottom of the page, proofread the footnote text as it is printed, preserving the line breaks. Be sure to use the same tag before the footnote as you used in the text where the footnote was referenced. Use just the character itself for the tag, without any brackets or other punctuation."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Place each footnote on a separate line in order of appearance, with a blank line before each one."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p><?php echo _("Do not include any horizontal lines separating the footnotes from the main text."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("<b>Endnotes</b> are just footnotes that have been located together at the end of a chapter or at the end of the book, instead of on the bottom of each page. These are proofread in the same manner as footnotes. Where you find an endnote reference in the text, just surround it with <tt>[</tt> and <tt>]</tt>. If you are proofreading one of the pages with endnotes, put a blank line before each endnote so that it is clear where each begins and ends."); ?>
</p>

<!-- Need an example of Endnotes, maybe? Good idea!-->

<p><?php echo _("Footnotes in <a href=\"#tables\">Tables</a> should remain where they are in the original image."); ?>
</p>

<table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" align="center" summary="Footnote Example">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">
        <?php echo _("The principal persons involved in this argument were Caesar*, former military<br> leader and Imperator, and the orator Cicero&dagger;. Both were of the aristocratic<br> (Patrician) class, and were quite wealthy.<br>  <hr align=\"left\" width=\"25%\" noshade size=\"2\"> <font size=-1>* Gaius Julius Caesar.</font><br> <font size=-1>&dagger; Marcus Tullius Cicero.</font>"); ?>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th valign="top" align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
      <td>
        <tt><?php echo _("The principal persons involved in this argument were Caesar[*], former military</tt><br> <tt>leader and Imperator, and the orator Cicero[*]. Both were of the aristocratic</tt><br> <tt>(Patrician) class, and were quite wealthy.</tt><br> <br> <tt>* Gaius Julius Caesar.</tt><br> <br> <tt>* Marcus Tullius Cicero.</tt>"); ?>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<br>
<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Footnote Example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Footnoted Poetry:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">
        <?php echo _("Mary had a little lamb<sup>1</sup><br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Whose fleece was white as snow<br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The lamb was sure to go!<br> <hr align=\"left\" width=\"10%\" noshade size=\"2\"> <font size=-2><sup>1</sup> This lamb was obviously of the Hampshire breed,<br> well known for the pure whiteness of their wool.</font>"); ?>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td valign="top">
        <tt>
        <?php echo _("Mary had a little lamb[1]<br> Whose fleece was white as snow<br> And everywhere that Mary went<br> The lamb was sure to go!<br> <br> 1 This lamb was obviously of the Hampshire breed,<br> well known for the pure whiteness of their wool.<br>"); ?>
        </tt>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="para_side"><?php echo _("Paragraph Side-Descriptions (Sidenotes)"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Some books will have short descriptions of the paragraph along the side of the text. These are called sidenotes. Proofread the sidenote text as it is printed, preserving the line breaks (while handling <a href=\"#eol_hyphen\">end-of-line hyphenation and dashes</a> normally). Leave a blank line before and after the sidenote so that it can be distinguished from the text around it. The OCR may place the sidenotes anywhere on the page, and may even intermingle the sidenote text with the rest of the text. Separate them so that the sidenote text is all together, but don't worry about the position of the sidenotes on the page."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Sidenotes example">
  <tbody>
    <tr valign="top">
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
      <td width="100%" align="left"><img src="side.png" alt="" width="550" height="800"><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
      <td width="100%">
      
        <p><tt> <?php echo _("Burning<br> discs<br> thrown into<br> the air.<br> <br> that such as looked at the fire holding a bit of larkspur<br> before their face would be troubled by no malady of the<br>  eyes throughout the year.[1] Further, it was customary at<br> W&uuml;rzburg, in the sixteenth century, for the bishop's followers<br> to throw burning discs of wood into the air from a mountain<br> which overhangs the town. The discs were discharged by<br>        means of flexible rods, and in their flight through the darkness<br> presented the appearance of fiery dragons.[2]<br> <br> The Midsummer<br> fires in<br> Swabia.<br> <br> In the valley of the Lech, which divides Upper Bavaria<br> from Swabia, the midsummer customs and beliefs are, or<br> used to be, very similar. Bonfires are kindled on the<br> mountains on Midsummer Day; and besides the bonfire<br> a tall beam, thickly wrapt in straw and surmounted by a<br> cross-piece, is burned in many places. Round this cross as<br> it burns the lads dance with loud shouts; and when the<br> flames have subsided, the young people leap over the fire in<br> pairs, a young man and a young woman together. If they<br> escape unsmirched, the man will not suffer from fever, and<br> the girl will not become a mother within the year. Further,<br> it is believed that the flax will grow that year as high as<br> they leap over the fire; and that if a charred billet be taken<br> from the fire and stuck in a flax-field it will promote the<br> growth of the flax.[3] Similarly in Swabia, lads and lasses,<br> hand in hand, leap over the midsummer bonfire, praying<br> that the hemp may grow three ells high, and they set fire<br> to wheels of straw and send them rolling down the hill.<br>        Among the places where burning wheels were thus bowled<br> down hill at Midsummer were the Hohenstaufen mountains<br> in Wurtemberg and the Frauenberg near Gerhausen.[4]<br> At Deffingen, in Swabia, as the people sprang over the mid-*<br> <br> Omens<br> drawn from<br> the leaps<br> over the<br> fires.<br> <br> Burning<br> wheels<br> rolled<br> down hill.<br> <br> 1 Op. cit. iv. 1. p. 242. We have<br> seen (p. 163) that in the sixteenth<br>        century these customs and beliefs were<br> common in Germany. It is also a<br> German superstition that a house which<br> contains a brand from the midsummer<br> bonfire will not be struck by lightning<br> (J. W. Wolf, Beitr&auml;ge zur deutschen<br>        Mythologie, i. p. 217, &sect; 185).<br> <br> 2 J. Boemus, Mores, leges et ritus<br> omnium gentium (Lyons, 1541), p.<br> 226.<br> <br> 3 Karl Freiherr von Leoprechting,<br> Aus dem Lechrain (Munich, 1855),<br> pp. 181 sqq.; W. Mannhardt, Der<br> Baumkultus, p. 510.<br> <br> 4 A. Birlinger, Volksth&uuml;mliches aus<br> Schwaben (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1861-1862),<br> ii. pp. 96 sqq., &sect; 128, pp. 103<br> sq., &sect; 129; id., Aus Schwaben (Wiesbaden,<br> 1874), ii. 116-120; E. Meier,<br> Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebr&auml;uche<br> aus Schwaben (Stuttgart, 1852), pp.<br> 423 sqq.; W. Mannhardt, Der Baumkultus,<br> p. 510.<br>"); ?>
        </tt></p>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="mult_col"><?php echo _("Multiple Columns"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Proofread ordinary text that has been printed in multiple columns as a single column. Place the text from the left-most column first, the text from the next column below that, and so on. Do not mark where the columns were split, just join them together. See the very bottom of the <a href=\"#para_side\">Sidenotes</a> example for an example of multiple columns."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("See also the <a href=\"#bk_index\">Index</a> and <a href=\"#tables\">Table</a> sections of the Proofreading Guidelines."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="tables"><?php echo _("Tables"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("A proofreader's job is to be sure that all the information in a table is correctly proofread. Separate items with spaces as needed, but do not worry about precise alignment. Retain line breaks (while handling <a href=\"#eol_hyphen\">end-of-line hyphenation and dashes</a> normally). Ignore any periods or other punctuation (leaders) used to align the items."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("<b>Footnotes</b> in tables should remain where they are in the image. See <a href=\"#footnotes\">footnotes</a> for details."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table Example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"> <img src="table2.png" alt="" width="500" height="304"><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
      
<?php echo _("<pre><tt>TABLE II. Flat strips compared    Copper.                            Copper. with round wire 30 cm.       Iron.  Parallel wires 30 cm. in     Iron. in length.                                 length. Wire 1 mm. diameter   20  100  Wire 1 mm. diameter   20  100        STRIPS.                 SINGLE WIRE. 0.25 mm. thick, 2 mm.  wide           ...... 15  35      0.25 mm. diameter ....  16   48 Same, 5 mm. wide  ....     13  20  Two similar wires  ...... 12  30  \"   10  \"    \"           11   15    Four    \"    \"     9   18
 \"   20    \"    \"         10  14      Eight  \"    \"     8   10  \"   40  \"    \"          9   13     Sixteen \"    \"     7    6  Same strip rolled up in           Same, 16 wires bound the form of wire  .. 17   15    close together .....  18    12"); ?>
</tt></pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<br>
<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table Example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"> <img src="table3.png" alt="" width="480" height="231"><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
      
<?php echo _("<pre><tt>Agents.   Objects.
        {     1st person, I,       me,
            {  2d   \"    thou,   thee,
Singular  {      \"  mas.  {  he,   him,
           {  3d  \"  fem.  {  she,   her,
         {            it,        it.

       {  1st person, we,         us,
Plural   {   2d   \"  ye, or you,   you,
        {  3d  \"   they,         them,
                  who,       whom."); ?>
</tt></pre>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="poetry"><?php echo _("Poetry/Epigrams"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Insert a blank line at the start of the poetry or epigram and another blank line at the end, so that the formatters can clearly see the beginning and end. Leave each line left justified and maintain the line breaks. Insert a blank line between stanzas, when there is one in the image."); ?>
</p>

<p><a href="#line_no"><?php echo _("Line Numbers</a> in poetry should be kept."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("Check the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a> for the specific project you are proofreading."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Poetry Example">
  <tbody>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"> <img src="poetry2.png" alt="" width="480" height="385"> <br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr><th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th></tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
        <?php echo _("<tt>THE CHAMBERED NAUTILUS<br>
        <br>
        This is the ship of pearl which, poets<br>
        feign,<br>
        Sails the unshadowed main,--<br>
        The venturous bark that flings<br>
        On the sweet summer wind its purpled<br>
        wings<br>
        In gulfs enchanted, where the Siren sings<br>
        And coral reefs lie bare,<br>
        Where the cold sea maids rise to sun<br>
        their streaming hair.<br>
        <br>
        Its webs of living gauze no more unfurl;<br>
        Wrecked is the ship of pearl!"); ?></tt>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="line_no"><?php echo _("Line Numbers"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Line numbers are common in books of poetry, and usually appear near the margin every fifth or tenth
   line. Keep line numbers, using a few spaces to separate them from the other text on the line so that
   the formatters can easily find them. Since poetry will not be rewrapped in the e-book
   version, the line numbers will be useful to readers."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<!-- We need an example image and text for this. -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="next_word"><?php echo _("Single Word at Bottom of Page"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Proofread this by deleting the word, even if it's the second half of a hyphenated word."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("In some older books, the single word at the bottom of the page (called a \"catchword\", usually
   printed near the right margin) indicates the first word on the next page of the book (called
   an \"incipit\"). It was used to alert the printer to print the correct reverse (called \"verso\"),
   to make it easier for printers' helpers to make up the pages prior to binding, and to help
   the reader avoid turning over more than one page."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<!-- We need an example here! -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" summary="Page-level proofreading">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="silver"><h2 style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"><?php echo _("Proofreading at the Page Level:"); ?></h2></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


<h3><a name="blank_pg"><?php echo _("Blank Page"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Most blank pages, or pages with an illustration but no text, will already be
   marked with <tt>[Blank Page]</tt>. Leave this marking as is. If the page is
   blank, and [Blank Page] does not appear, there is no need to add it."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("If there is text in the proofreading text area and a blank image, or if there is text in the image
   but none in the text box, follow the directions for a <a href=\"#bad_image\">Bad Image</a>
   or <a href=\"#bad_text\">Bad Text</a>."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="title_pg"><?php echo _("Front/Back Title Page"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Proofread all the text just as it was printed on the page, whether all capitals, upper and lower case, etc., including the years of publication or copyright."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Older books often show the first letter as a large ornate graphic&mdash;proofread this as just the letter."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Title Page Example">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"><img src="title.png" width="500" height="520" alt=""><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
        <?php echo _("<p><tt>GREEN FANCY</tt>
        </p>
        <p><tt>BY</tt></p>
        <p><tt>GEORGE BARR McCUTCHEON</tt></p>
        <p><tt>AUTHOR OF \"GRAUSTARK,\" \"THE HOLLOW OF HER HAND,\"<br>
        \"THE PRINCE OF GRAUSTARK,\" ETC.</tt></p>
        <p><tt>WITH FRONTISPIECE BY<br>
        C. ALLAN GILBERT</tt></p>
        <p><tt>NEW YORK<br>
        DODD, MEAD AND COMPANY<br>
        1917</tt></p>"); ?>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="toc"><?php echo _("Table of Contents"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Proofread the Table of Contents just as it is printed in the book, whether all capitals,
   upper and lower case, etc. If there are <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\">Small Capitals</span>,
   see the guidelines for <a href=\"#small_caps\">Small Capitals</a>."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("Ignore any periods or other punctuation (leaders) used to align the page numbers. These will be removed later in the process."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Table of Contents example">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"><img src="tablec.png" alt="" width="500" height="650">
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
        <?php echo _("<p><tt>CONTENTS</tt></p>
        <p><tt>
        CHAPTER&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PAGE<br>
        <br>
        I. THE FIRST WAYFARER AND THE SECOND WAYFARER<br>
        MEET AND PART ON THE HIGHWAY&nbsp;&nbsp;.....&nbsp;1<br>
        <br>
        II.  THE FIRST WAYFARER LAYS HIS PACK ASIDE AND<br>
        FALLS IN WITH FRIENDS&nbsp;&nbsp;....&nbsp;...&nbsp;15<br>
        <br>
        III. MR. RUSHCROFT DISSOLVES, MR. JONES INTERVENES,<br>
        AND TWO MEN RIDE AWAY&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;33<br>
        <br>
        IV. AN EXTRAORDINARY CHAMBERMAID, A MIDNIGHT<br>
        TRAGEDY, AND A MAN WHO SAID \"THANK YOU\"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;50<br>
        <br>
        V. THE FARM-BOY TELLS A GHASTLY STORY, AND AN<br>
        IRISHMAN ENTERS&nbsp;&nbsp;..&nbsp;&nbsp;..&nbsp;67<br>
        <br>
        VI. CHARITY BEGINS FAR FROM HOME, AND A STROLL IN<br>
        THE WILDWOOD FOLLOWS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;85<br>
        <br>
        VII. SPUN-GOLD HAIR, BLUE EYES, AND VARIOUS ENCOUNTERS&nbsp;&nbsp;...&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;103<br>
        <br>
        VIII. A NOTE, SOME FANCIES, AND AN EXPEDITION IN<br>
        QUEST OF FACTS&nbsp;&nbsp;..&nbsp;,,&nbsp;120<br>
        <br>
        IX. THE FIRST WAYFARER, THE SECOND WAYFARER, AND<br>
        THE SPIRIT OF CHIVALRY ASCENDANT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,&nbsp;&nbsp;134<br>
        <br>
        X. THE PRISONER OF GREEN FANCY, AND THE LAMENT OF<br>
        PETER THE CHAUFFEUR&nbsp;...&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;....148<br>
        <br>
        XI. MR. SPROUSE ABANDONS LITERATURE AT AN EARLY<br>
        HOUR IN THE MORNING&nbsp;..&nbsp;&nbsp;...&nbsp;&nbsp;,&nbsp;167<br>
        <br>
        XII. THE FIRST WAYFARER ACCEPTS AN INVITATION, AND<br>
        MR. DILLINGFORD BELABORS A PROXY&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;183<br>
        <br>
        XIII. THE SECOND WAYFARER RECEIVES TWO VISITORS AT<br>
        MIDNIGHT &nbsp;,,,..&nbsp;&nbsp;....&nbsp;199<br>
        <br>
        XIV. A FLIGHT, A STONE-CUTTER'S SHED, AND A VOICE<br>
        OUTSIDE&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,,,..&nbsp;&nbsp;....,&nbsp;221</tt></p>"); ?>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="bk_index"><?php echo _("Indexes"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("You don't need to align the page numbers in index pages as they appear in the image;
   just make sure that the numbers and punctuation match the image and retain the line breaks."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("Specific formatting of indexes will occur later in the process. The proofreader's job is to make sure that all
   the text and numbers are correct."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("See also <a href=\"#mult_col\">Multiple Columns</a>."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="play_n"><?php echo _("Plays: Actor Names/Stage Directions"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("In dialog, treat a change in speaker as a new paragraph, with one blank line before it. If the speaker's name is on its own line, treat that as a separate paragraph as well."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Stage directions are kept as they are in the original image, so if the stage direction is on a line by itself, proofread it that way; if it is at the end of a line of dialog, leave it there. Stage directions often begin with an opening bracket and omit the closing bracket. This convention is retained; do not close the brackets."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Sometimes, especially in metrical plays, a word is split due to page-size constraints and placed above or below following a (, rather than having a line of its own. Please rejoin the word as per normal <a href=\"#eol_hyphen\">end-of-line hyphenation</a>. See the <a href=\"#play4\">example</a>."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Please check the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>, as the Project Manager may specify different handling."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->

<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Play Example 1">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"><img src="play1.png" width="500" height="430" alt=""><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
        <p><tt>
        <?php echo _("Has not his name for nought, he will be trode upon:<br>
        What says my Printer now?
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Clow. Here's your last Proof, Sir.<br>
        You shall have perfect Books now in a twinkling.
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Lap. These marks are ugly.
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Clow. He says, Sir, they're proper:<br>
        Blows should have marks, or else they are nothing worth.
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        La. But why a Peel-crow here?
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Clow. I told 'em so Sir:<br>
        A scare-crow had been better.
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Lap. How slave? look you, Sir,<br>
        Did not I say, this Whirrit, and this Bob,<br>
        Should be both Pica Roman.
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Clow. So said I, Sir, both Picked Romans,<br>
        And he has made 'em Welch Bills,<br>
        Indeed I know not what to make on 'em.
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Lap. Hay-day; a Souse, Italica?
        </tt></p><p><tt>
        Clow. Yes, that may hold, Sir,<br>
        Souse is a bona roba, so is Flops too."); ?></tt></p>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<br>
<a name="play4"><!-- Example --></a>
<table width="100%" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Play Example 4">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Original Image:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr align="left">
      <td width="100%" valign="top"><img src="play4.png" width="502" height="98" alt=""><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <th align="left" bgcolor="cornsilk"><?php echo _("Correctly Proofread Text:"); ?></th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td width="100%" valign="top">
        <p><tt>
        <?php echo _("Am. Sure you are fasting;<br>
        Or not slept well to night; some dream (Ismena?)<br>
        <br>
        Ism. My dreams are like my thoughts, honest and innocent,<br>
        Yours are unhappy; who are these that coast us?<br>
        You told me the walk was private.<br>"); ?>
        </tt></p>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="anything"><?php echo _("Anything else that needs special handling or that you're unsure of"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("While proofreading, if you encounter something that isn't covered in these guidelines that you
   think needs special handling or that you are not sure how to handle, post your question, noting
   the png (page) number, in the <a href=\"#forums\">Project Discussion</a>."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("You should also put a note in the proofread text to
   explain to the next proofreader, formatter, or post-processor what the problem or question is.
   Start your note with a square bracket and two asterisks <tt>[**</tt> and end it with another square bracket <tt>]</tt>.
   This clearly separates it from the author's text and signals the post-processor to
   stop and carefully examine this part of the text and the matching image to address any issues.
   You may also want to identify which round you are working in just before the <tt>]</tt>
   so that later volunteers know who left the note.
   Any comments put in by a previous volunteer <b>must</b> be left in place. See the next section for details."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="prev_notes"><?php echo _("Previous Proofreaders' Notes/Comments"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Any notes or comments put in by a previous volunteer <b>must</b> be left in place.
   You may add agreement or disagreement to the existing note
   but even if you know the answer, you absolutely must not remove the comment.
   If you have found a source which clarifies the problem, please cite it so the post-processor can also
   refer to it."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("If you come across a note from a previous volunteer
   that you know the answer to, please take a moment and provide feedback
   to them by clicking on their name in the proofreading interface and posting a private message
   to them explaining how to handle the situation in the future.
   Please, as already stated, do not remove the note."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" summary="Common Problems">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="silver"><h2 style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"><?php echo _("Common Problems:"); ?></h2></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


<h3><a name="formatting"><?php echo _("Formatting"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("You may sometimes find formatting already present in the text.
   <b>Do not add or correct this formatting information</b>; the formatters will do that later in the process.
   However, you can remove it if it interferes with your proofreading. The <s>&lt;x&gt;</s> button in the
   proofreading interface will remove markup such as &lt;i&gt; and &lt;b&gt; from highlighted text.
   Some examples of formatting tasks include:"); ?>
</p>
<ul>
  <?php echo _("<li>&lt;i&gt;italics&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;bold&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;sc&gt;Small Caps&lt;/sc&gt;</li>
  <li>Spaced-out text</li>
  <li>Font size changes</li>
  <li>Spacing of chapter and section headings</li>
  <li>Extra spaces, stars, or lines between paragraphs</li>
  <li>Footnotes that continue for more than one page</li>
  <li>Footnotes marked with symbols</li>
  <li>Illustrations</li>
  <li>Sidenote locations</li>
  <li>Arrangement of data in tables</li>
  <li>Indentation (in poetry or elsewhere)</li>
  <li>Rejoining long lines in poetry and indexes</li>"); ?>
</ul>
<p><?php echo _("If the previous proofreader inserted formatting, please take a moment and provide feedback
   to them by clicking on their name in the proofreading interface and posting a private message
   to them explaining how to handle the situation in the future. <b>Remember to leave the
   formatting to the Formatting rounds.</b>"); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="common_OCR"><?php echo _("Common OCR Problems"); ?></a></h3>
<p>OCR commonly has trouble distinguishing between the similar characters.  Some examples are:"); ?>
</p>
<ul>
  <?php echo _("<li>The digit '1' (one), the lowercase letter 'l' (ell), and the uppercase letter 'I'.
    Note that in some fonts the number one may look like <small>I</small> (like a small capital letter 'i').</li>
  <li>The digit '0' (zero), and the uppercase letter 'O'.</li>
  <li>Dashes &amp; hyphens: Proofread these carefully&mdash;OCR'd text often
    has only one hyphen for an em-dash that should have two.
    See the guidelines for <a href=\"#eol_hyphen\">hyphenated words</a> and <a href=\"#em_dashes\">em-dashes</a>
    for more detailed information.</li>
  <li>Parentheses ( ) and curly braces { }.</li>"); ?>
</ul>
<p><?php echo _("Watch out for these. Normally the context of the sentence is sufficient to determine which is the
   correct character, but be careful&mdash;often your mind will automatically \'correct\' these as
   you are reading."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("Noticing these is much easier if you use a mono-spaced font such as
   <a href=\"font_sample.php\">DPCustomMono</a> or Courier."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="OCR_scanno"><?php echo _("OCR Problems: Scannos"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Another common OCR issue is misrecognition of characters. We call these errors \"scannos\" (like \"typos\"). This misrecognition can create a word that:"); ?></p>
<ul compact>
   <?php echo _("<li>appears to be correct at first glance, but is actually misspelled. <br>
       This can usually be caught by running <a href=\"wordcheck-faq.php\">WordCheck</a> from the proofreading interface.</li>
   <li>is changed to a different but otherwise valid word that does not match what is in the page image.<br>
       This is subtle because it can only be caught by someone actually reading the text.</li>"); ?>
</ul>
<p><?php echo _("Possibly the most common example of the second type is \"and\" being OCR'd as \"arid.\" Other examples: \"eve\" for \"eye\",
   \"Torn\" for \"Tom\", \"train\" for \"tram\". This type is harder to spot and we have a special term for them: \"Stealth Scannos.\"
   We collect examples of Stealth Scannos in <a href=\"<?php echo $Stealth_Scannos_URL; ?>\">this thread</a>."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("Spotting scannos is much easier if you use a mono-spaced font such as
   <a href=\"font_sample.php\">DPCustomMono</a> or Courier.  To aid proofreading, the use of
   <a href=\"wordcheck-faq.php\">WordCheck</a> (or its equivalent) is recommended in <?php echo $ELR_round->id; ?>,
   and required in the other proofreading rounds."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<!-- More to be added.... -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="OCR_raised_o"><?php echo _("OCR Problems: Is that &deg; &ordm; really a degree sign?"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("There are three different symbols that can look very similar in the image and that
   the OCR software interprets the same (and usually incorrectly):"); ?>
</p>
<ul>
  <?php echo _("<li>The degree sign <tt style=\"font-size:150%;\">&deg;</tt>: This should be used only to indicate degrees (of temperature, of angle, etc.).</li>
  <li>The superscript o: Virtually all other occurrences of a raised o should be proofread  as <tt>^o</tt>,
      following the guidelines for <a href=\"#supers\">Superscripts</a>.</li>
  <li>The masculine ordinal <tt style=\"font-size:150%;\">&ordm;</tt>: Proofread this like a superscript too unless
      the special character is requested in the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>.
      It may be used in languages such as Spanish and Portuguese, and is the equivalent of the -th in English 4th, 5th, etc.
      It follows numbers and has the feminine equivalent in the superscript a (<tt>&ordf;</tt>).</li>"); ?>
</ul>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="hand_notes"><?php echo _("Handwritten Notes in Book"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Do not include handwritten notes in a book (unless it is overwriting faded, printed text to make it more visible). Do not include handwritten marginal notes made by readers, etc."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="bad_image"><?php echo _("Bad Image"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("If an image is bad (not loading, mostly illegible, etc.), please post about this bad image in the <a href=\"#forums\">project discussion</a> and click on the \"Report Bad Page\" button so this page is \'quarantined\', rather than returning the page to the round. If only a small portion of the image is bad, leave a note as described <a href=\"#anything\">above</a>, and please post in the project discussion without marking the whole page bad. The \"Bad Page\" button is only available during the first round of proofreading, so it is important that these issues be resolved early."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Note that some page images are quite large, and it is common for your browser to have difficulty displaying them, especially if you have several windows open or are using an older computer. Before reporting this as a bad page, try zooming in on the image, closing some of your windows and programs, or posting in the project discussion to see if anyone else has the same problem."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="bad_text"><?php echo _("Wrong Image for Text"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("If there is a wrong image for the text given, please post about this bad page
   in the <a href=\"#forums\">project discussion</a> and click on the \"Report Bad
   Page\" button so this page is \'quarantined\', rather than returning the page to the round.
   The \"Bad Page\" button is only available during the first round of proofreading, so it is
   important that these issues be resolved early."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("It's fairly common for the OCR'd text to be mostly correct, but missing the first
   line or two of the text. Please just type in the missing line(s). If nearly all of
   the lines are missing in the text box, then either type in the whole page (if you are
   willing to do that), or just click on the \"Return Page to Round\" button and the page
   will be reissued to someone else. If there are several pages like this, you might
   post a note in the <a href=\"#forums\">project discussion</a> to notify the
   Project Manager."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="round1"><?php echo _("Previous Proofreader Mistakes"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("If a previous proofreader made a lot of mistakes or missed a lot of things,
   please take a moment to provide feedback to them by clicking on their name
   in the proofreading interface and posting a private message to them explaining
   how to handle the situation so that they will know how in the future."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("<em>Please be nice!</em> Everyone here is a volunteer and presumably trying their best.
   The point of your feedback message should be to inform them of the correct way to
   proofread, rather than to criticize them. Give a specific example from their work
   showing what they did, and what they should have done."); ?>
</p>
<p><?php echo _("If the previous proofreader did an outstanding job, you can also send them a message
   about that&mdash;especially if they were working on a particularly difficult page."); ?>
</p>
<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="p_errors"><?php echo _("Printer Errors/Misspellings"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("Correct all of the words that the OCR has misread (scannos), but do not correct what may appear to you to be misspellings or printer errors that occur on the page image. Many of the older texts have words spelled differently from modern usage and we retain these older spellings, including any accented characters."); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("Place a note in the text next to a printer's erorr<tt>[**typo for error?]</tt>. If you are unsure whether it is actually an error, please also ask in the <a href=\"#forums\">project discussion</a>. If you do make a change, include a note describing what you changed: <tt>[**typo \"erorr\" fixed]</tt>. Include the two asterisks <tt>**</tt> so the post-processor will notice it."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="f_errors"><?php echo _("Factual Errors in Texts"); ?></a></h3>

<p><?php echo _("Do not correct factual errors in the author's book. Many of the books we are proofreading have statements of fact in them that we no longer accept as accurate. Leave them as the author wrote them. See <a href=\"#p_errors\">Printer Errors/Misspellings</a> for how to leave a note if you think the printed text is not what the author intended."); ?>
</p>

<!-- END RR -->
<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>


<h3><a name="insert_char"><?php echo _("Inserting Special Characters"); ?></a></h3>
<p><?php echo _("If they are not on your keyboard, there are several ways to input special
   characters:"); ?>
</p>
<ul compact>
  <?php echo _("<li>The pull-down menus in the proofreading interface.</li>
  <li>Applets included with your operating system."); ?>
<?php if(!$utf8_site) { ?>
<?php echo _("If you use one of these, be sure to insert only Latin-1 characters (those listed in the charts below)."); ?>
<?php } ?>
    <ul compact>
      <?php echo _("<li>Windows: \"Character Map\"<br> Access it through:<br>
          Start: Run: charmap, or<br>
          Start: Accessories: System Tools: Character Map.</li>
      <li>Macintosh: Key Caps or \"Keyboard Viewer\"<br>
          For OS 9 and lower this is on the Apple Menu,<br>
          For OS X through 10.2, this is located the in Applications, Utilities folder<br>
          For OS X 10.3 and higher, this is in the Input Menu as \"Keyboard Viewer.\"</li>
      <li>Linux: The name and location of the character picker will vary depending on your desktop environment.</li>"); ?>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <?php echo _("<li>An on-line program, such as <a
   href=\"http://free.pages.at/krauss/computer/xml/daten/edicode.html\">Edicode</a>.</li>
  <li>Keyboard shortcuts.<br>
       (See the tables for <a href=\"#a_chars_win\">Windows</a> and <a href=\"#a_chars_mac\">Macintosh</a> below.)</li>
  <li>Switching to a keyboard layout or locale which supports \"deadkey\" accents.
    <ul compact>
      <li>Windows: Control Panel (Keyboard, Input Locales)</li>
      <li>Macintosh: Input Menu (on Menu Bar)</li>
      <li>Linux: Change the keyboard in your X configuration.</li>"); ?>
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>
<!-- END RR -->

<a name="a_chars_win"></a>
<p><?php echo _("<b>For Windows</b>:"); ?>
</p>
<ul compact>
  <?php echo _("<li>You can use the Character Map program
     (Start: Run: charmap) to select an individual letter, and then cut &amp; paste.
  </li>
  <li>The dropdown menus in the proofreading interface.
  </li>
  <li>Or you can type the Alt+NumberPad shortcut codes listed below for these characters.
          This is faster than using cut &amp; paste, once you get used to the codes.
      <br>Hold the Alt key and type the four digits on the
          <i>Number Pad</i>&mdash;the number row over the letters won't work.
      <br>You must type all 4 digits, including the leading 0 (zero).
          Note that the capital version of a letter is 32 less than the lower case.
      <br>These instructions are for the US-English keyboard layout. It may not work for other keyboard layouts.
      <br>(<a href=\"charwin.pdf\">Print-friendly version of this table</a>)"); ?>
  </li>
</ul>

<br>
<table align="center" border="6" rules="all" summary="Windows shortcuts">
  <tbody>
  <tr>
      <th bgcolor="cornsilk" colspan=14><?php echo _("Windows Shortcuts for Latin-1 symbols"); ?></th>
  </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="cornsilk">
      <?php echo _("<th colspan=2>` grave</th>
      <th colspan=2>&acute; acute (aigu)</th>
      <th colspan=2>^ circumflex</th>
      <th colspan=2>~ tilde</th>
      <th colspan=2>&uml; umlaut</th>
      <th colspan=2>&deg; ring</th>
      <th colspan=2>&AElig; ligature</th>"); ?>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a grave"         >&agrave; </td><td>Alt-0224</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a acute"         >&aacute; </td><td>Alt-0225</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a circumflex"    >&acirc;  </td><td>Alt-0226</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a tilde"         >&atilde; </td><td>Alt-0227</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a umlaut"        >&auml;   </td><td>Alt-0228</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a ring"          >&aring;  </td><td>Alt-0229</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small ae ligature"     >&aelig;  </td><td>Alt-0230</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A grave"       >&Agrave; </td><td>Alt-0192</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A acute"       >&Aacute; </td><td>Alt-0193</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A circumflex"  >&Acirc;  </td><td>Alt-0194</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A tilde"       >&Atilde; </td><td>Alt-0195</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A umlaut"      >&Auml;   </td><td>Alt-0196</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A ring"        >&Aring;  </td><td>Alt-0197</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital AE ligature"   >&AElig;  </td><td>Alt-0198</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e grave"         >&egrave; </td><td>Alt-0232</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e acute"         >&eacute; </td><td>Alt-0233</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e circumflex"    >&ecirc;  </td><td>Alt-0234</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e umlaut"        >&euml;   </td><td>Alt-0235</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E grave"       >&Egrave; </td><td>Alt-0200</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E acute"       >&Eacute; </td><td>Alt-0201</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E circumflex"  >&Ecirc;  </td><td>Alt-0202</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E umlaut"      >&Euml;   </td><td>Alt-0203</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i grave"         >&igrave; </td><td>Alt-0236</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i acute"         >&iacute; </td><td>Alt-0237</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i circumflex"    >&icirc;  </td><td>Alt-0238</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i umlaut"        >&iuml;   </td><td>Alt-0239</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I grave"       >&Igrave; </td><td>Alt-0204</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I acute"       >&Iacute; </td><td>Alt-0205</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I circumflex"  >&Icirc;  </td><td>Alt-0206</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I umlaut"      >&Iuml;   </td><td>Alt-0207</td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">/ slash</th>
      <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o grave"         >&ograve; </td><td>Alt-0242</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o acute"         >&oacute; </td><td>Alt-0243</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o circumflex"    >&ocirc;  </td><td>Alt-0244</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o tilde"         >&otilde; </td><td>Alt-0245</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o umlaut"        >&ouml;   </td><td>Alt-0246</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o slash"         >&oslash; </td><td>Alt-0248</td>
      <td></td><td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O grave"       >&Ograve; </td><td>Alt-0210</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O acute"       >&Oacute; </td><td>Alt-0211</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O circumflex"  >&Ocirc;  </td><td>Alt-0212</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O tilde"       >&Otilde; </td><td>Alt-0213</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O umlaut"      >&Ouml;   </td><td>Alt-0214</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O slash"       >&Oslash; </td><td>Alt-0216</td>
      <td></td><td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u grave"         >&ugrave; </td><td>Alt-0249</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u acute"         >&uacute; </td><td>Alt-0250</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u circumflex"    >&ucirc;  </td><td>Alt-0251</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u umlaut"        >&uuml;   </td><td>Alt-0252</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U grave"       >&Ugrave; </td><td>Alt-0217</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U acute"       >&Uacute; </td><td>Alt-0218</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U circumflex"  >&Ucirc;  </td><td>Alt-0219</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U umlaut"      >&Uuml;   </td><td>Alt-0220</td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">currency     </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">mathematics  </th>
  </tr>
  <tr><td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small y acute"         >&yacute; </td><td>Alt-0253</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small n tilde"         >&ntilde; </td><td>Alt-0241</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small y umlaut"        >&yuml;   </td><td>Alt-0255</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Cents"                 >&cent;   </td><td>Alt-0162</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="plus/minus"            >&plusmn; </td><td>Alt-0177</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital Y acute"       >&Yacute; </td><td>Alt-0221</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital N tilde"       >&Ntilde; </td><td>Alt-0209</td>
      <td></td><td></td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Pounds"                >&pound;  </td><td>Alt-0163</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Multiplication"        >&times;  </td><td>Alt-0215</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">&ccedil;edilla </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">Icelandic    </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">marks        </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">accents      </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">punctuation  </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Yen"                   >&yen;    </td><td>Alt-0165</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Division"              >&divide; </td><td>Alt-0247</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small c cedilla"       >&ccedil; </td><td>Alt-0231</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital Thorn"         >&THORN;  </td><td>Alt-0222</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Copyright"             >&copy;   </td><td>Alt-0169</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="acute accent"          >&acute;  </td><td>Alt-0180</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Inverted Question Mark">&iquest; </td><td>Alt-0191</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="General Currency"      >&curren; </td><td>Alt-0164</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Logical Not"           >&not;    </td><td>Alt-0172</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital C cedilla"     >&Ccedil; </td><td>Alt-0199</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small thorn"           >&thorn;  </td><td>Alt-0254</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Registration Mark"     >&reg;    </td><td>Alt-0174</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="umlaut accent"         >&uml;    </td><td>Alt-0168</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Inverted Exclamation"  >&iexcl;  </td><td>Alt-0161</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Degrees"               >&deg;    </td><td>Alt-0176</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">superscripts        </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital Eth"           >&ETH;    </td><td>Alt-0208</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Paragraph (pilcrow)"   >&para;   </td><td>Alt-0182</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="macron accent"         >&macr;   </td><td>Alt-0175</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="guillemet left"        >&laquo;  </td><td>Alt-0171</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Micro"                 >&micro;  </td><td>Alt-0181</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="superscript 1"         >&sup1;   </td><td>Alt-0185&nbsp;*</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small eth"             >&eth;    </td><td>Alt-0240</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Section"               >&sect;   </td><td>Alt-0167</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="cedilla"               >&cedil;  </td><td>Alt-0184</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="guillemet right"       >&raquo;  </td><td>Alt-0187</td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">ordinals  </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="1/4 Fraction"          >&frac14; </td><td>Alt-0188&nbsp;&dagger;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="superscript 2"         >&sup2;   </td><td>Alt-0178&nbsp;*</td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">sz ligature        </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Broken Vertical bar"   >&brvbar; </td><td>Alt-0166</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Middle dot"            >&middot; </td><td>Alt-0183</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Masculine Ordinal"     >&ordm;   </td><td>Alt-0186&nbsp;*</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="1/2 Fraction"          >&frac12; </td><td>Alt-0189&nbsp;&dagger;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="superscript 3"         >&sup3;   </td><td>Alt-0179&nbsp;*</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="sz ligature"           >&szlig;  </td><td>Alt-0223</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Feminine Ordinal"      >&ordf;   </td><td>Alt-0170&nbsp;*</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="3/4 Fraction"          >&frac34; </td><td>Alt-0190&nbsp;&dagger;</td>
  </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p><?php echo _("* Unless specifically requested by the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>, please do not use the ordinal or superscript symbols, but instead use the guidelines for <a href=\"#supers\">Superscripts</a>. (x^2, f^o, etc.)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("&dagger; Unless specifically requested by the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>, please do not use the fraction symbols, but instead use the guidelines for <a href=\"#fract_s\">Fractions</a>. (1/2, 1/4, 3/4, etc.)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("<b>For Apple Macintosh</b>"); ?>:
</p>
<ul compact>
  <?php echo _("<li>You can use the \"Key Caps\" program as a reference.<br>
      In OS 9 &amp; earlier, this is located in the Apple Menu; in OS X through 10.2, it is located in Applications, Utilities folder.<br>
This brings up a picture of the keyboard, and pressing shift, opt, command, or combinations of those keys shows how to produce each character. Use this reference to see how to type that character, or you can cut &amp; paste it from here into the text in the proofreading interface.</li>

  <li>In OS X 10.3 and higher, the same function is now a palette available from the Input menu (the drop-down menu attached to your locale's flag icon in the menu bar). It's labeled \"Show Keyboard Viewer.\" If this isn't in your Input menu, or if you don't have that menu, you can activate it by opening System Preferences, the \"International\" panel, and selecting the \"Input Menu\" pane. Ensure that \"Show input menu in menu bar\" is checked. In the spreadsheet view, check the box for \"Keyboard Viewer\" in addition to any input locales you use.</li>

  <li>The dropdown menus in the proofreading interface.</li>
  
  <li>Or you can type the Apple Opt- shortcut codes list below for these characters.
      <br>This is a lot faster than using cut &amp; paste, once you get used to the codes.
      <br>Hold the Opt key and type the accent symbol, then type the letter to be accented (or, for some codes, only hold the Opt key and type the symbol).
      <br>These instructions are for the US-English keyboard layout. It may not work for other keyboard layouts.
      <br>(<a href=\"charapp.pdf\">Print-friendly version of this table</a>)"); ?>
  </li>
</ul>

<br>
<a name="a_chars_mac"></a>
<table align="center" border="6" rules="all" summary="Mac shortcuts">
  <tbody>
  <tr bgcolor="cornsilk">
      <th colspan=14><?php echo _("Apple Mac Shortcuts for Latin-1 symbols"); ?></th>
  </tr>
  <tr bgcolor="cornsilk">
      <th colspan=2>` grave</th>
      <th colspan=2>&acute; acute (aigu)</th>
      <th colspan=2>^ circumflex</th>
      <th colspan=2>~ tilde</th>
      <th colspan=2>&uml; umlaut</th>
      <th colspan=2>&deg; ring</th>
      <th colspan=2>&AElig; ligature</th>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a grave"         >&agrave; </td><td>Opt-`, a</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a acute"         >&aacute; </td><td>Opt-e, a</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a circumflex"    >&acirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, a</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a tilde"         >&atilde; </td><td>Opt-n, a</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a umlaut"        >&auml;   </td><td>Opt-u, a</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small a ring"          >&aring;  </td><td>Opt-a   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small ae ligature"     >&aelig;  </td><td>Opt-'   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A grave"       >&Agrave; </td><td>Opt-`, A</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A acute"       >&Aacute; </td><td>Opt-e, A</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A circumflex"  >&Acirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, A</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A tilde"       >&Atilde; </td><td>Opt-n, A</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A umlaut"      >&Auml;   </td><td>Opt-u, A</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital A ring"        >&Aring;  </td><td>Opt-A   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital AE ligature"   >&AElig;  </td><td>Opt-"   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e grave"         >&egrave; </td><td>Opt-`, e</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e acute"         >&eacute; </td><td>Opt-e, e</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e circumflex"    >&ecirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, e</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small e umlaut"        >&euml;   </td><td>Opt-u, e</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E grave"       >&Egrave; </td><td>Opt-`, E</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E acute"       >&Eacute; </td><td>Opt-e, E</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E circumflex"  >&Ecirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, E</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital E umlaut"      >&Euml;   </td><td>Opt-u, E</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i grave"         >&igrave; </td><td>Opt-`, i</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i acute"         >&iacute; </td><td>Opt-e, i</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i circumflex"    >&icirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, i</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small i umlaut"        >&iuml;   </td><td>Opt-u, i</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I grave"       >&Igrave; </td><td>Opt-`, I</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I acute"       >&Iacute; </td><td>Opt-e, I</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I circumflex"  >&Icirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, I</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I umlaut"      >&Iuml;   </td><td>Opt-u, I</td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">/ slash</th>
      <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o grave"         >&ograve; </td><td>Opt-`, o</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o acute"         >&oacute; </td><td>Opt-e, o</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o circumflex"    >&ocirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, o</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o tilde"         >&otilde; </td><td>Opt-n, o</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o umlaut"        >&ouml;   </td><td>Opt-u, o</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small o slash"         >&oslash; </td><td>Opt-o   </td>
      <td></td><td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O grave"       >&Ograve; </td><td>Opt-`, O</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O acute"       >&Oacute; </td><td>Opt-e, O</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital I circumflex"  >&Ocirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, O</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O tilde"       >&Otilde; </td><td>Opt-n, O</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O umlaut"      >&Ouml;   </td><td>Opt-u, O</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital O slash"       >&Oslash; </td><td>Opt-O   </td>
      <td></td><td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u grave"         >&ugrave; </td><td>Opt-`, u</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u acute"         >&uacute; </td><td>Opt-e, u</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u circumflex"    >&ucirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, u</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small u umlaut"        >&uuml;   </td><td>Opt-u, u</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U grave"       >&Ugrave; </td><td>Opt-`, U</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U acute"       >&Uacute; </td><td>Opt-e, U</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U circumflex"  >&Ucirc;  </td><td>Opt-i, U</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital U umlaut"      >&Uuml;   </td><td>Opt-u, U</td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">currency     </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">mathematics  </th>
  </tr>
  <tr><td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small y acute"         >&yacute; </td><td>Opt-e, y</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small n tilde"         >&ntilde; </td><td>Opt-n, n</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small y umlaut"        >&yuml;   </td><td>Opt-u, y</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Cents"                 >&cent;   </td><td>Opt-4   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="plus/minus"            >&plusmn; </td><td>Shift-Opt-=</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital Y acute"       >&Yacute; </td><td>Opt-e, Y</td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital N tilde"       >&Ntilde; </td><td>Opt-n, N</td>
      <td></td><td></td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Pounds"                >&pound;  </td><td>Opt-3   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Multiplication"        >&times;  </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&Dagger;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">&ccedil;edilla </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">Icelandic    </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">marks        </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">accents      </th>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">punctuation  </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Yen"                   >&yen;    </td><td>Opt-y   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Division"              >&divide; </td><td>Opt-/   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small c cedilla"       >&ccedil; </td><td>Opt-c   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital Thorn"         >&THORN;  </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&Dagger;</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Copyright"             >&copy;   </td><td>Opt-g   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="acute accent"          >&acute;  </td><td>Opt-E   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Inverted Question Mark">&iquest; </td><td>Opt-?   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="General Currency"      >&curren; </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&Dagger;  </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Logical Not"           >&not;    </td><td>Opt-l   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital C cedilla"     >&Ccedil; </td><td>Opt-C   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small thorn"           >&thorn;  </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&Dagger;  </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Registration Mark"     >&reg;    </td><td>Opt-r   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="umlaut accent"         >&uml;    </td><td>Opt-U   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Inverted Exclamation"  >&iexcl;  </td><td>Opt-1   </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Degrees"               >&deg;    </td><td>Shift-Opt-8   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">superscripts        </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Capital Eth"           >&ETH;    </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&Dagger;  </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Paragraph (pilcrow)"   >&para;   </td><td>Opt-7   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="macron accent"         >&macr;   </td><td>Shift-Opt-,</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="guillemet left"        >&laquo;  </td><td>Opt-\   </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Micro"                 >&micro;  </td><td>Opt-m   </td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="superscript 1"         >&sup1;   </td><td>(none)&nbsp;*&Dagger;  </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Small eth"             >&eth;    </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&Dagger;  </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Section"               >&sect;   </td><td>Opt-6   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="cedilla"               >&cedil;  </td><td>Opt-Z   </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="guillemet right"       >&raquo;  </td><td>Shift-Opt-\</td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">ordinals  </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="1/4 Fraction"          >&frac14; </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&dagger;&Dagger;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="superscript 2"         >&sup2;   </td><td>(none)&nbsp;*&Dagger;  </td>
      <th colspan=2 bgcolor="cornsilk">sz ligature        </th>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Broken Vertical bar"   >&brvbar; </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&Dagger;  </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Middle dot"            >&middot; </td><td>Shift-Opt-9  </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Masculine Ordinal"     >&ordm;   </td><td>Opt-0&nbsp;*</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="1/2 Fraction"          >&frac12; </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&dagger;&Dagger;</td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="superscript 3"         >&sup3;   </td><td>(none)&nbsp;*&Dagger;  </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="sz ligature"           >&szlig;  </td><td>Opt-s   </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td> </td><td> </td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="Feminine Ordinal"      >&ordf;   </td><td>Opt-9&nbsp;*</td>
      <td align="center" bgcolor="mistyrose" title="3/4 Fraction"          >&frac34; </td><td>(none)&nbsp;&dagger;&Dagger;</td>
  </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<p><?php echo _("* Unless specifically requested by the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>, please do not use the ordinal or superscript symbols, but instead use the guidelines for <a href=\"#supers\">Superscripts</a>. (x^2, f^o, etc.)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("&dagger; Unless specifically requested by the <a href=\"#comments\">Project Comments</a>, please do not use the fraction symbols, but instead use the guidelines for <a href=\"#fract_s\">Fractions</a>. (1/2, 1/4, 3/4, etc.)"); ?>
</p>

<p><?php echo _("&Dagger;&nbsp;Note: No equivalent shortcut; use drop-down menus if needed."); ?>
</p>

<p class="backtotop"><a href="#top"><?php echo _("Back to top"); ?></a></p>

</div>


<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" summary="Alphabetical Index">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td bgcolor="silver"><h2 style="margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"><a name="index"><?php echo _("Alphabetical Index to the Guidelines"); ?></a></h2></td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<br>

<table border="0" width="100%" summary="Alphabetical Index">
  <tr>
    <td width="50%" valign="top">
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#about"><?php echo _("About This Document"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#a_chars"><?php echo _("Accented/Non-ASCII Characters"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#play_n"><?php echo _("Actor Names (Plays)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#a_chars"><?php echo _("ae Ligatures"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#anything"><?php echo _("Anything else that needs special handling"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#title_pg"><?php echo _("Back Title Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#bad_image"><?php echo _("Bad Image"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#bad_text"><?php echo _("Bad Text"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#blank_pg"><?php echo _("Blank Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#formatting"><?php echo _("Bold Text"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#drop_caps"><?php echo _("Capital Letter, Ornate (Drop Cap)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#small_caps"><?php echo _("Capitals, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\">Small</span>"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#illust"><?php echo _("Captions, Illustration"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#next_word"><?php echo _("Catchwords"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#chap_head"><?php echo _("Chapter Headings"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#a_chars"><?php echo _("Characters, Accented/Non-ASCII"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#d_chars"><?php echo _("Characters with Diacritical Marks"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#mult_col"><?php echo _("Columns, Multiple"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#prev_notes"><?php echo _("Comments, Previous Proofreaders'"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#common_OCR"><?php echo _("Common OCR Problems"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#toc"><?php echo _("Contents, Table of"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#contract"><?php echo _("Contractions"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#em_dashes"><?php echo _("Dashes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#eol_hyphen"><?php echo _("Dashes, End-of-line"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#eop_hyphen"><?php echo _("Dashes, End-of-page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#OCR_raised_o"><?php echo _("Degree Signs"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#d_chars"><?php echo _("Diacritical Marks"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#double_q"><?php echo _("Double Quotes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#chap_head"><?php echo _("Double Quotes, missing at start of chapter"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#play_n"><?php echo _("Drama"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#drop_caps"><?php echo _("Drop Cap"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#insert_char"><?php echo _("Drop-down Menus"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#period_p"><?php echo _("Ellipsis"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#em_dashes"><?php echo _("Em-dashes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#footnotes"><?php echo _("Endnotes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#eol_hyphen">End-of-line Hyphenation and Dashes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#trail_s"><?php echo _("End-of-line Space"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#eop_hyphen"><?php echo _("End-of-page Hyphenation and Dashes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#period_s"><?php echo _("End-of-sentence Periods"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#poetry"><?php echo _("Epigrams"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#extra_sp"><?php echo _("Extra Spaces Between Words"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#f_errors"><?php echo _("Errors, Factual"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#p_errors"><?php echo _("Errors, Printer"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#f_errors"><?php echo _("Factual Errors in Texts"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#prev_pg"><?php echo _("Fixing Errors on Previous Pages"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#page_hf"><?php echo _("Footers, Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#footnotes"><?php echo _("Footnotes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#formatting"><?php echo _("Formatting"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#forums"><?php echo _("Forum"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#fract_s"><?php echo _("Fractions"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#title_pg"><?php echo _("Front/Back Title Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#period_s"><?php echo _("Full Stops, End-of-sentence"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#f_chars"><?php echo _("Greek Text"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#hand_notes"><?php echo _("Handwritten Notes in Book"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#summary"><?php echo _("Handy Proofreading Guide"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#page_hf"><?php echo _("Headers, Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#chap_head"><?php echo _("Headings, Chapter"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#f_chars"><?php echo _("Hebrew Text"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#eol_hyphen"><?php echo _("Hyphenation, End-of-line"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#eop_hyphen"><?php echo _("Hyphenation, End-of-page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#em_dashes"><?php echo _("Hyphens"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#illust"><?php echo _("Illustrations"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#bad_image"><?php echo _("Image, Bad"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#para_space"><?php echo _("Indenting, Paragraph"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#bk_index"><?php echo _("Indexes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#insert_char"><?php echo _("Inserting Special Characters"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#formatting"><?php echo _("Italics"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#insert_char"><?php echo _("Keyboard Shortcuts for Latin-1 Characters"); ?></a></li>
      </ul>
    </td>
    <td width="50%" valign="top">
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#period_p"><?php echo _("Language Other Than English (LOTE), Ellipses in"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#drop_caps"><?php echo _("Large, Ornate Opening Capital Letter (Drop Cap)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#insert_char"><?php echo _("Latin-1 Characters, Inserting"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#a_chars"><?php echo _("Ligatures"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#line_br"><?php echo _("Line Breaks"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#line_no"><?php echo _("Line Numbers"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#subscr"><?php echo _("Lowered Text (Subscripts)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#em_dashes"><?php echo _("Minus Signs"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#p_errors"><?php echo _("Misspellings, Printer"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#round1"><?php echo _("Mistakes, Previous Proofreader"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#mult_col"><?php echo _("Multiple Columns"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#a_chars"><?php echo _("Non-ASCII Characters"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#f_chars"><?php echo _("Non-Latin Characters"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#hand_notes"><?php echo _("Notes, Handwritten"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#prev_notes"><?php echo _("Notes, Previous Proofreaders'"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#line_no"><?php echo _("Numbers, Line"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#common_OCR"><?php echo _("OCR Problems, Common"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#OCR_raised_o"><?php echo _("OCR Problems: Is that &deg; &ordm; really a degree sign?"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#OCR_scanno"><?php echo _("OCR Problems: Scannos"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#a_chars"><?php echo _("oe Ligatures"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#OCR_raised_o"><?php echo _("Ordinal Symbol"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#drop_caps"><?php echo _("Ornate Capital Letter (Drop Cap)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#anything"><?php echo _("Other things that you're unsure of"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#blank_pg"><?php echo _("Page, Blank"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#page_hf"><?php echo _("Page Headers/Page Footers"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#title_pg"><?php echo _("Page, Title"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#para_side"><?php echo _("Paragraph Side-Descriptions (Sidenotes)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#para_space"><?php echo _("Paragraph Spacing/Indenting"); ?>/a></li>
        <li><a href="#period_p"><?php echo _("Period Pause \"...\" (Ellipsis)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#period_s"><?php echo _("Periods, End-of-sentence"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#play_n"><?php echo _("Plays: Actor Names/Stage Directions"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#poetry"><?php echo _("Poetry"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#formatting"><?php echo _("Preexisting Formatting"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#round1"><?php echo _("Previous Proofreader Mistakes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#prev_notes"><?php echo _("Previous Proofreaders' Notes/Comments"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#prev_pg"><?php echo _("Previous Pages, Fixing Errors on"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#prime"><?php echo _("Primary Rule"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#comments"><?php echo _("Project Comments"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#forums"><?php echo _("Project Discussion"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#punctuat"><?php echo _("Punctuation Spacing"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#p_errors"><?php echo _("Printer Errors/Misspellings"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#quote_ea"><?php echo _("Quote Marks on Each Line"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#double_q"><?php echo _("Quotes, Double"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#chap_head"><?php echo _("Quotes, Missing at start of chapter"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#single_q"><?php echo _("Quotes, Single"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#supers"><?php echo _("Raised Text (Superscripts)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#OCR_scanno"><?php echo _("Scannos"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#insert_char"><?php echo _("Shortcuts for Latin-1 Characters"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#para_side"><?php echo _("Sidenotes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#single_q"><?php echo _("Single Quotes"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#next_word"><?php echo _("Single Word at Bottom of Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#small_caps"><?php echo _("<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\">Small Capitals</span>"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#trail_s"><?php echo _("Space at End-of-line"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#extra_sp"><?php echo _("Spaces, Extra"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#para_space"><?php echo _("Spacing, Paragraph"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#punctuat"><?php echo _("Spacing, Punctuation"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#insert_char"><?php echo _("Special Characters, Inserting"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#play_n"><?php echo _("Stage Directions (Plays)"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#subscr"><?php echo _("Subscripts"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#summary"><?php echo _("Summary Guidelines"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#supers"><?php echo _("Superscripts"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#toc"><?php echo _("Table of Contents"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#tables"><?php echo _("Tables"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#extra_sp"><?php echo _("Tabs"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#bad_text"><?php echo _("Text, Wrong Image for"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#title_pg"><?php echo _("Title Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#chap_head"><?php echo _("Titles, Chapter"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#trail_s"><?php echo _("Trailing Space at End-of-line"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#next_word"><?php echo _("Word at Bottom of Page"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#OCR_scanno"><?php echo _("WordCheck"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#small_caps"><?php echo _("<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\">Words in Small Capitals</span>"); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="#bad_text"><?php echo _("Wrong Image for Text"); ?></a></li>
      </ul>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>

<br>
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="silver" summary="Links">
  <tr>
    <td width="10">&nbsp;</td>
    <td width="100%" align="center"><font face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">
      Return to:
      <a href=".."><?php echo "$site_name"; ?><?php echo _(" home page"); ?></a>,
      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
      <a href="faq_central.php"><?php echo "$site_abbreviation"; ?><?php echo _(" FAQ Central page"); ?></a>,
      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
      <a href="<?php echo $PG_home_url; ?>"><?php echo _("Project Gutenberg home page"); ?></a>.
      </font>
    </td>
  </tr>
</table>


<?php
theme('','footer');
?>
